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GNU Info (elisp)DefinitionsDefining Symbols ================ A "definition" in Lisp is a special form that announces your intention to use a certain symbol in a particular way. In Emacs Lisp, you can define a symbol as a variable, or define it as a function (or macro), or both independently. A definition construct typically specifies a value or meaning for the symbol for one kind of use, plus documentation for its meaning when used in this way. Thus, when you define a symbol as a variable, you can supply an initial value for the variable, plus documentation for the variable. `defvar' and `defconst' are special forms that define a symbol as a global variable. They are documented in detail in Note: Defining Variables. For defining user option variables that can be customized, use `defcustom' (Note: Customization). `defun' defines a symbol as a function, creating a lambda expression and storing it in the function cell of the symbol. This lambda expression thus becomes the function definition of the symbol. (The term "function definition", meaning the contents of the function cell, is derived from the idea that `defun' gives the symbol its definition as a function.) `defsubst' and `defalias' are two other ways of defining a function. Note: Functions. `defmacro' defines a symbol as a macro. It creates a macro object and stores it in the function cell of the symbol. Note that a given symbol can be a macro or a function, but not both at once, because both macro and function definitions are kept in the function cell, and that cell can hold only one Lisp object at any given time. Note: Macros. In Emacs Lisp, a definition is not required in order to use a symbol as a variable or function. Thus, you can make a symbol a global variable with `setq', whether you define it first or not. The real purpose of definitions is to guide programmers and programming tools. They inform programmers who read the code that certain symbols are _intended_ to be used as variables, or as functions. In addition, utilities such as `etags' and `make-docfile' recognize definitions, and add appropriate information to tag tables and the `DOC-VERSION' file. Note: Accessing Documentation. automatically generated by info2www version 1.2.2.9 |