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Manpages JPEGTOPNMSection: User Commands (1)Updated: 19 March 2000 Index Return to Main Contents NAMEjpegtopnm - convert JPEG/JFIF file to portable pixmap or graymapSYNOPSISjpegtopnm [-dct {int|fast|float}] [-nosmooth] [-maxmemory N] [{-adobe|-notadobe}] [-comments] [-dumpexif] [-exif=filespec] [-verbose] [-tracelevel N] [ filename ]All options may be abbreviated to their shortest unique prefix. DESCRIPTIONjpegtopnm converts the named JFIF file, or the standard input if no file is named to a PPM or PGM image file on the standard output. If the JFIF file is of the grayscale variety, jpegtopnm generates a PGM (Portable Graymap) file. Otherwise, it generates a PPM (Portable Pixmap) file. jpegtopnm uses the Independent JPEG Group's JPEG library to interpret the input file. See http://www.ijg.org for information on the library. "JFIF" is the correct name for the image format commonly known as "JPEG." Strictly speaking, JPEG is a method of compression. The image format using JPEG compression that is by far the most common is JFIF. There is also a subformat of TIFF that uses JPEG compression. EXIF is an image format that is a subformat of JFIF (to wit, a JFIF file that contains an EXIF header as an APP1 marker). jpegtopnm handles EXIF. JFIF files can have either 8 bits per sample or 12 bits per sample. The 8 bit variety is by far the most common. There are two versions of the IJG JPEG library. One reads only 8 bit files and the other reads only 12 bit files. You must link the appropriate one of these libraries with jpegtopnm. Ordinarily, this means the library is in your shared library search path when you run jpegtopnm. jpegtopnm generates output with either one byte or two bytes per sample depending on whether the JFIF input has either 8 bits or 12 bits per sample. You can use pnmdepth to reduce a two-byte-per-sample file to a one-byte-per-sample file if you need to. If the JFIF file uses the CMYK or YCCK color space, the input does not actually contain enough information to know what color each pixel is. To know what color a pixel is, one would have to know the properties of the inks to which the color space refers. jpegtopnm interprets the colors using the common transformation which assumes all the inks are simply subtractive and linear.
OPTIONSThe options are only for advanced users:
EXAMPLESThis example converts the color JFIF file foo.jpg to a PPM file named foo.ppm:
HINTSYou can use ppmquant to color quantize the result, i.e. to reduce the number of distinct colors in the image. In fact, you may have to if you want to convert the PPM file to certain other formats. ppmdither Does a more sophisticated quantization.Use pnmscale to change the dimensions of the resulting image. Use ppmtopgm to convert a color JFIF file to a grayscale PGM file. You can easily use these converters together. E.g.:
-dct fast and/or -nosmooth gain speed at a small sacrifice in quality. If you are fortunate enough to have very fast floating point hardware, -dct float may be even faster than -dct fast. But on most machines -dct float is slower than -dct int; in this case it is not worth using, because its theoretical accuracy advantage is too small to be significant in practice. Another program, djpeg, is similar. djpeg is maintained by the Independent JPEG Group and packaged with the JPEG library which jpegtopnm uses for all its JPEG work. Because of that, you may expect it to exploit more current JPEG features. Also, since you have to have the library to run jpegtopnm, but not vice versa, cjpeg may be more commonly available. On the other hand, djpeg does not use the NetPBM libraries to generate its output, as all the NetPBM tools such as jpegtopnm do. This means it is less likely to be consistent with all the other programs that deal with the NetPBM formats. Also, the command syntax of jpegtopnm is consistent with that of the other Netpbm tools, unlike djpeg. ENVIRONMENT
SEE ALSOppm(5), pgm(5), ppmtojpeg(1), ppmquant(1), pnmscale(1), ppmtopgm(1), ppmdither(1), pnmdepth(1),djpeg(1), cjpeg(1), jpegtran(1), rdjpgcom(1), wrjpgcom(1), jhead(1) Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard", Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44. LIMITATIONSArithmetic coding is not supported for legal reasons.The program could be much faster. AUTHORjpegtopnm and this man page were derived in large part from djpeg, by the Independent JPEG Group. The program is otherwise by Bryan Henderson on March 19, 2000.
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