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\begin{document}

\title{Portable Spell Checker Interface Library}


\author{Kevin Atkinson \textit{}\\
\textit{kevina at users sourceforge net}}


\date{Version 0.12.2}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents{}


\chapter{Introduction}


\section{Goal}

The goal of the library is to provide a generic interface to Spell
checker libraries installed on the system.


\chapter{Getting Started}


\section{Obtaining}

The latest version of pspell can always be found at the pspell home
page at \url{http://pspell.sourceforge.net/}


\section{Support}

Support for Pspell can be found on the Pspell mailing lists. Instructions
for joining the various mailing lists (and an archive of them) can
be found off the Pspell home page at \url{http://pspell.sourceforge.net}.


\section{Installation}


\subsection{Generic Install Instructions}

To install the library simply type

\begin{lyxcode}
./configure\\
make\\
make~install
\end{lyxcode}
Then install at least one pspell module. You can find more information
about available modules from the Pspell home page. This is all that
should be required for Pspell to function properly.

If you run into problems you can try disabling the building of shared
libraries with \doubledash{}disable-shared and/or the ltdl library which is used
for dynamically loading pspell modules with \doubledash{}disable-ltdl. If you
do so you will then need to manually link in the necessary modules
by doing the following:

\begin{lyxcode}
cd~modules\\
./add-modules\\
cd~..\\
make\\
make~install
\end{lyxcode}
However this has not been known to work properly on most platforms.
If you are just installing Pspell so that you can compile and use
the Aspell utility then you should be okay as Aspell does not need
any of Pspell modules linked in. However, if you are trying to use
Pspell with an application that actually used the Pspell library such
as PHP, AbiWord or the like then you will likely run into problems.

By default a static library is also created you can turn this of by
passing the parameter \doubledash{}disable-static to configure. You can control
what C and C++ compiler is used by setting the environmental variable
CC and CXX respectfully before running configure and you can control
what flags are passed to the C and C++ compile via the environmental
variable CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS respectfully.


\subsection{General Problems}

Aspell does not use a released version of GNU Libtool. In previous
versions of aspell this will often create problems if you inadvertently
modify a file which causes Libtool to be called. However, as of Pspell
.12.2 this so no longer be a problem and automake, autoconf, or libtool
should not be called unless you specifically call them or if you configure
Aspell with \doubledash{}enable-maintainer-mode. If you do notice any of these
programs being called (and you did not configure with \doubledash{}enable-maintainer-mode)
please let me know about it. If you have a need to modify configure.in
or any of the Makefile.am's you should install the multi-language-branch
of the CVS version of libtool.


\subsection{Problems with Libltdl}

Pspell also requires libltdl, Libtool's portable {}``dlopen{}''
wrapper library, in order to function properly. If configure does
not find libltdl installed on your system it will generally compile
it and install it with the rest of Pspell. However, this can create
problems if the compile environment is different than the environment
that Pspell runs under. For example if configure was able to find
libltdl at compile time but libltdl is no longer visible at runtime
you will run into problems. The easiest thing to do here is copy the
libltdl library found when compiling Pspell into the library directly
Pspell was installed in. Another potently source of problems is the
fact that the version of Libltdl found in the Pspell distribution
is not the same as the one found in the released version of Libtool.
In fact the two, while being source code compatible, are not binary
compatible. This should normally not be a problem because if configure
finds libltdl already installed on your system it will use that one.
However, this might cause problems if the compile environment is different
than the environment that Pspell runs under.


\subsection{Upgrading from Pspell .11.2}

\label{new_size_parm}Pspell .12 breaks binary and source code compatibility
with Pspell .11. Many of the PspellManager functions now also have
a length parameter specifying the length of the word. A length of
-1 means that the string is null terminated. This unfortunately breaks
source code compatibility. To upgrade to Pspell .12 either define
the variable USE\_ORIGINAL\_MANAGER\_FUNCS before pspell.h in included
or simply add a length of -1 after each word passed in. Please see
manager.h for the exact phototype of the functions. Defining the variable
USE\_ORIGINAL\_MANAGER\_FUNCS will allow your code to work with both
Pspell .11 and .12.


\section{Helping Out}

Right now the area I need the most help in is better shared library
support and on the ispell module. If you are interested in helping
out please contact me at kevina@users.sourceforge.net.

If you wish to work on Pspell you will need the multi-language-branch
of the CVS version of libtool. You will also need autoconf and automake.
The released version of autoconf has a small bug in it which will
cause it to think {}``.C{}'' is the extension of executables. To
fix this you need to apply the patch {}``autoconf-exeext.patch{}''
which can be found in the pspell distribution.


\chapter{Keeping in Touch}

Even though you the LGPL license gives you the right to use Pspell
in your application without ever notifying me, Kevin Atkinson, the
sole author of Pspell---please don't. If you are using, or planning
on using, Pspell in your project please at very least send me an email
at kevina at users sourceforge net. It doesn't have to me anything
fancy. A simple {}``I am planning on using Pspell in my project X.
For more information please see Y.{}'' will suffice. I will greatly
appreciate it. I put a lot of unpaid time into Pspell and Aspell and
would appreciate simply knowing where it is being used.


\chapter{Library Interface}


\section{Overview}

The Pspell library contains two main classes and several helper classes.
The two main classes are PspellConfig and PspellMaster. The PspellConfig
class is used to set initial defaults and to change spell checker
specific options. The PspellManager class does most of the real work.
It is responsible for managing the dictionaries, checking if a word
is in the dictionary, and coming up with suggestions among other things.
There are many helper classes the important ones are PspellWordList,
PspellMutableWordList, Pspell{*}Emulation. The PspellWordList classes
is used for accessing the suggestion list, as well as the personal
and suggestion word list currently in use. The PspellMutableWordList
is used to manage the personal, and perhaps other, word lists. The
Pspell{*}Emulation classes are used for iterating through a list.

A C and C++ Interface is provided. I recommend using the C interface,
even if your program is in C++, to avoid some of the nasty issues
associated with C++ linkage. In general one can only use C++ linkage
if both the library and the program were created with the same compiler.
I may eventually provide C++ wrapper classes, including a few STL
like one, for the C library and remove the existing C++ interface
all together.

The mapping between the C and C++ interface is pretty straightforward
and from C++ to C goes as follows:

\begin{quote}
<class name in lowercase with underscores>\_<method name>({[}const{]}
<Class> {*}, <other parameters if any>)
\end{quote}
For example {}``PspellManager::lang\_name() const{}'' would become
{}``pspell\_manager\_lang\_name(const PspellManager {*}){}''. 

Methods that return a bool will instead return an int in the C interface.


\section{Usage}

To use pspell your application should include {}``pspell/pspell.h{}''.
In order to insure that all the necessary libraries are linked in
libtool should be used to perform the linking. When using libtool
simply linking with {}``-lpspell{}'' should be all that is necessary.
When using shared libraries you might be able to simply link {}``-lpspell{}'',
but this is not recommended. This version of Pspell uses the CVS version
of libtool (multi-language-branch) however released versions of libtool
should also work.

When your application first starts you should get a new configuration
class with the command:

\begin{lyxcode}
PspellConfig~{*}~spell\_config~=~new\_pspell\_config();
\end{lyxcode}
which will create a new PspellConfig class. It is allocated with new
and it is your responsibility to delete it with delete\_pspell\_config.
The standard C++ delete can be used if the compiler is compatible
with the one used to create the Pspell library. Once you have the
config class you should set some variables. The most important one
is the language variable. To do so use the command:

\begin{lyxcode}
pspell\_config\_replace(spell\_config,~\char`\"{}language-tag\char`\"{},~\char`\"{}en\_US\char`\"{});
\end{lyxcode}
which will set the default language to use to American English. The
language is expected to be the standard two letter ISO 639 language
code, with an optional two letter ISO 3166 country code after an underscore.
You can set the preferred spelling via the {}``spelling{}'' option,
any extra info via the {}``jargon{}'' option, and the encoding via
the {}``encoding{}'' option. Other things you might want to set
is the preferred spell checker to use, the search path for dictionary's,
and the like see section \ref{options} for the available options.

When ever a new document is created a new PspellManager class should
also be created. There should be one manager class per document. To
create a new manager class use the new\_pspell\_manager and then cast
it up using to\_pspell\_manager like so.

\begin{lyxcode}
PspellCanHaveError~{*}~possible\_err~=~new\_pspell\_manager(spell\_config);\\
PspellManager~{*}~spell\_checker~=~0;\\
if~(pspell\_error\_number(possible\_err)~!=~0)\\
~~puts(pspell\_error\_message(possible\_err));\\
else\\
~~spell\_checker~=~to\_pspell\_manager(possible\_err);
\end{lyxcode}
which will create a new PspellManager class using the defaults found
in spell\_config. If C++ is being used AND the compiler is compatible
with the one used to create the Pspell library a normal cast can be
used instead of to\_pspell\_manager.

If for some reason you want to use different defaults simply clone
spell\_config and change the setting like so:

\begin{lyxcode}
PspellConfig~{*}~spell\_config2~=~pspell\_config\_clone(spell\_config);\\
pspell\_config\_replace(spell\_config2,~\char`\"{}language-tag\char`\"{},\char`\"{}nl\char`\"{});\\
possible\_err~=~new\_pspell\_manager(spell\_config2);\\
delete\_pspell\_config(spell\_config2);
\end{lyxcode}
Once again in C++ delete\_pspell\_config can be replaced with a simple
C++ delete. Once the manager class is created you can use the check
method to see if a word in the document is correct like so:

\begin{lyxcode}
int~correct~=~pspell\_manager\_check(spell\_checker,~<word>,~<size>);
\end{lyxcode}
<word> can is expected to a const char {*} character string. If the
encoding is set to be {}``machine unsigned 16{}'' or {}``machine
unsigned 32{}''. <word> is expected to be a cast from either const
u16int {*} or const u32int{*} respectfully. U16int and u32int are
generally unsigned short and unsigned int respectfully. <size> is
the length of the string or -1 if the sting is null terminated. If
the string is a cast from const u16int {*} or const u32int {*} then
size is the amount of space in bytes the string takes up after being
casted to const char {*} and not the true size of the string. Pspell\_manager\_check
will return 0 is it is not found and non-zero otherwise.

If the word is not correct than the suggest method can be used to
come up with likely replacements.

\begin{lyxcode}
PspellWordList~{*}~suggestions~=~pspell\_manager\_suggest(spell\_checker,~\\
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<word>,~<size>);\\
PspellStringEmulation~{*}~elements~=~pspell\_word\_list\_elements(suggestions);\\
const~char~{*}~word;\\
while~(~(word~=~pspell\_string\_emulation\_next(pspell\_elements)~!=~NULL~)~\{\\
~~//~add~to~suggestion~list\\
\}\\
delete\_pspell\_string\_emulation(elements);
\end{lyxcode}
Notice how \texttt{elements} is deleted but \texttt{suggestions} is
not. The value returned by suggestions is only valid to the next call
to suggest. Once a replacement is made the store\_repl method should
be used to communicate the replacement pair back to the spell checker
(see section \ref{storerepl} for why). It usage is as follows:

\begin{lyxcode}
pspell\_manager\_store\_repl(spell\_checker,~\\
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<misspelled~word>,~<size>,\\
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<correctly~spelled~word>,~<size>);
\end{lyxcode}
If the user decided to add the word to the session or personal dictionary
the the word can be be added using the add\_to\_session or add\_to\_personal
methods respectfully like so:

\begin{lyxcode}
pspell\_manager\_add\_to\_session|personal(spell\_checker,~<word>,~<size>);
\end{lyxcode}
It is better to let the spell checker manage these words rather than
doing it your self so that the words have a change of appearing in
the suggestion list.

Finally, when the document is closed the PspellManager class should
be deleted like so.

\begin{lyxcode}
delete\_pspell\_manager(spell\_checker);
\end{lyxcode}
The standard C++ delete should NOT be used here because it will not
unload any shared libraries pulled in my when the manager class is
created.


\section{Class Reference}

Methods that return a bool generally return false on error and true
other wise. To find out what went wrong use the error\_number and
error\_message methods. Unless otherwise stated methods that return
a const char {*} will return null on error. The charter string returned
is only valid until the next method which returns a const char {*}
is called.

All methods are virtual and abstract, thus these classes are really
abstract base classes. Therefore you cannot simply store the object
directly. In order to make copies of the objects use the clone and
assign methods if they are provided.

For the details of the various classes please see the header files.
In the future I will generate class references using some automated
tool.


\section{Available Options\label{options}}

The following options are available to control which word list Pspell
selects.

\begin{description}
\item [language-tag~<string>]the language code which consists of the two
letter ISO 639 language code and an optional two letter ISO 3166 country
code after a dash or underscore.
\item [spelling~<string>]the requested spelling for languages with more
than one spelling such as English. Known values are {}``american{}'',
{}``britsh{}'', and {}``canadian{}''. This information is normally
inferred from the language-tag option. For example the language tag
{}``en\_GB{}'' will set spelling to {}``british{}''.
\item [jargon~<string>]an extra information to distinguish two different
words lists that have the same language-tag and spelling.
\item [word-list-path~<list>]search path for word list information files
\item [module-search-order~<list>]list of available modules, modules that
come first on this list have a higher priority
\end{description}
The following options control the behavior of the selected module.
Not all modules support all options.

\begin{description}
\item [encoding~<string>]encoding that words are expected to be in. Valid
values are {}``utf-8{}'', {}``iso8859-{*}{}'', {}``koi8-r{}'',
{}``viscii{}'', {}``cp1252{}'', {}``machine unsigned 16{}'',
{}``machine unsigned 32{}''. 
\item [ignore~<int>]ignore all words which are not at least as long as
the value for this setting
\item [personal~<file>]file name of the personal word list to use. Start
it with {}``./{}'' to look for the file in the current directory
rather than the home directory.
\item [repl~<file>]file name of the replacement word list to use. Start
it with {}``./{}'' to look for the file in the current directory
rather than the home directory.
\item [save-repl~<boolean>]save the replacement word list on calls to save\_all\_word\_lists.
\item [ignore-repl~<boolean>]ignore calls to Manager::store\_replacement.
\item [sug-mode~<string>]the suggestion mode, known values are fast, normal,
and bad-spellers
\item [run-together~<boolean>]consider run-together words as legal compounds.
\end{description}
The following options may be examined to tell exactly what word list
or module was selected

\begin{description}
\item [master]the full path of the word list selected
\item [master-flags]any special flags that were passed on to the module
\item [module]the module selected
\end{description}
The options, \textbf{spelling} and \textbf{jargon} can also be examined.

<string> options may be set to anything, including in some cases an
empty string. <int> options must be set to a valid integer string.
<boolean> options must be set to {}``true{}'' or {}``false{}''.
<list> options can not be set directly, you must use the option add-<option>
to add an item to the list, rem-<option> to remove an item, or rem-all-<option>
to remove all the items. In the case of rem-all-<option> the value
should be an empty string. Although the standard retrieve method will
work for a string, it should not be used as the format of the string
is implementation dependent. Use the retrieve\_list method instead.


\section{Format of the PWLI Files}

In order for Pspell to know which word lists to use each word list
must have at least one PWLI file in the pspell data directory which
is normally /usr/local/share/pspell/, use {}``pspell-config pkgdatadir{}''
to find out what it is on your system.

Each PWLI has the the following name:

\begin{quote}
<language>{[}-{[}<spelling>{]}{[}-<jargon>{]}{]}-<module>.pwli
\end{quote}
Where <language> is the two letter language code, <spelling> is the
particular spelling your interested in if the languages has multiple
spelling in different parts of the world such as English, <jargon>
is any extra informations to distinguish the word list from other
ones with the same language and spelling, and <module> is the pspell
module the main word list is for.

For example:

\begin{quote}
en-aspell.pwli\\
en-american-aspell.pwli\\
en-american-medical-ispell.pwli\\
en-american-xlg-ispell.pwli\\
de\doubledash{}medical-ispell.pwli
\end{quote}
Notice how if the spelling is left out but the jargon is not there
needs to be two dashes between the language and the jargon.

Each PWLI file then contains exactly one line which contains the full
path of the main word list, white space, then any additional options
to pass onto the module.


\section{Examples}

Two simple examples are included in the examples directory. Pspell
must be installed before they will compile and at least one pspell
module must be installed before they will run. To build the C example
type {}``make example-c{}'' and to build the C++ examples type {}``make
example-cxx{}''.


\section{Rational}


\subsection{store\_repl method\label{storerepl}}

This method is needed because Aspell (\url{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/})
is able to learn from users misspellings. For example on the first
pass a user misspells beginning as beging so aspell suggests:

\begin{quote}
begging, begin, being, Beijing, bagging, ....
\end{quote}
However the user then tries \char`\"{}begning\char`\"{} and aspell
suggests

\begin{quote}
beginning, beaning, begging, ... 
\end{quote}
so the user selects beginning. However than, latter on in the document
the user misspelles it as begng (NOT beging). Normally aspell will
suggest.

\begin{quote}
began, begging, begin, begun, ....
\end{quote}
However becuase it knows the user mispelled beginning as beging it
will instead suggest:

\begin{quote}
beginning, began, begging, begin, begun ...
\end{quote}
I myself often misspelled beginning (and still do) as something close
to begging and two many times wind up writing sentences such as \char`\"{}begging
with ....\char`\"{}.


\chapter{Status}


\section{Current\label{current}}

This version of Pspell is still incomplete.

The PspellMutableWordList and STL like helper classes are nonexistent
and building of the shared libraries does not work nearly as well
as it should.


\section{Future}

Future version of this library will of course be more complete.

Future versions of the interface will provide better support for multi-lingual
documents as well as methods for spell checking whole regions of text.
Letting the spell checker check whole region of text will allow the
spell checker to skip over formating commands, URLs, and the like.

I also plan on coming up with a Pspell utility that will, among other
things, function as a drop in replacement for {}``ispell -a{}''
so that Pspell can be used in place of Ispell.


\chapter{Feedback}

As always feedback is most appreciated. I can be contacted at kevina@users.sourceforge.net.


\chapter{Changelog}


\section*{Changes from .12.1 to .12.2 (May 29, 2001)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Portibility fixes to allow Pspell to compile with older compilers.
\item Added a hack to deal with Libtool's interdependencies problem. See
bug \#416981 for more info.
\item Added the configure option AM\_MAINTAINER\_MODE to avoid enableing
rules which often causes generated build files to be rebuild with
the wrong version of libtool by default. I don't know why I didn't
think to do this a long time ago.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .12 to .12.1 (April 5, 2001)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Added a hack to that Pspell will properly compile as a shared library
under Solaris.
\item Fixed a problem on Win32 which involves path names which begin with
<Drive Letter>:.
\item Removed excuse semicolon (;) after {}``\#endif{}'' in one of the
header files.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .11.2 to .12 (January 28, 2001)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Added a length parameter to many Pspell functions which should cut
down on unnecessary copying of words with some programs that use Pspell.
Unfortunately this also breaks sourcecode compatibility. But it is
easy to fix, see section \ref{new_size_parm} for what to do.
\item Added support for mapping the county code to a spelling for the English
language. For example the language tag {}``en\_GB{}'' will now get
the British dictionary if it is available.
\item Rewrote the {}``Usage{}'' section of the manual to use the C interface
instead of the C++ one as I recommend using the C interface even in
C++ code to avoid some of the nasty issues associated with C++ linkage.
\item Libltdl is now enabled by default.
\item Switched to the multi-language branch of libtool.
\item Added support for iso-8859-13 and 14.
\item Fixed a memory leak in PspellStringMap which fixes a bug \#126245
reported for Aspell.
\item Bug fixes.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .11.1 to .11.2 (August 19, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Changed my email from kevinatk@home.com to kevina@users.sourceforge.net
please make a note of the new email address.
\item Added the {}``repl{}'', {}``save-repl{}'', {}``ignore-repl{}''
options.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .11.0.2 to .11.1 (August 3, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Compile fixes for better C++ compliance and less warning when compiled
with -Wall.
\item Fixed some bug in the configuration classes which caused aspell's
dont-strip-accents not to work when specified on the command line.
\item Added {}``personal{}'' option to change the personal word list.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .11.0.1 to .11.0.2 (June 18, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Compile fixes so pspell will compile with the very latest gcc version
(CVS Version)
\item Included libltdl so it will compile with \doubledash{}enable-ltdl
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .11 to .11.0.1 (June 11, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Fixed a bug in PspellConfigImpl::merge that caused the Aspell module
to core dump.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes from .10 to .11 (June 11, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Added support for searching for the word list to use based on the
language, and other information. This included support for other modules
other than Aspell.
\item Added support for linking modules in a compile time so that Pspell
will also work with static libraries and on system where libltdl does
not work.
\item Temporary disabled using the libltdl library as it will only work
well with C++ libraries on Linux. This means that all modules must
be linked in at compile time using the {}``./add-modules{}'' script.
If you want to enable it use {}``\doubledash{}enable-ltdl{}'' when running
configure.
\item Added support for non {}``iso-8859-1{}'' encodings. The {}``machine
unsigned 16{}'' and {}``machine unsigned 32{}'' encoding are still
untested however.
\item Switched to the HEAD branch of libtool as the multi-language branch
was causing too many problems.
\item Fixed it so that the manual will install in the correct location.
\item Bug Fixes.
\end{itemize}

\section*{Changes to .10 (April 2, 2000)}

\begin{itemize}
\item Initial release.
\end{itemize}

\chapter{Copyright}

Copyrighted 2001 by Kevin Atkinson under the LGPL. Certain parts of
the library, as indicated at the top of the source file, may be under
a weaker license. Individual modules are under there own independent
license.


\section{LGPL}

{\centering GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE \\
Version 2, June 1991\par}

Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

\begin{quote}
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
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\begin{quote}
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<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990 Ty Coon, President of Vice
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That's all there is to it!
\end{document}