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(bashref.info)Locale Translation

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Locale-Specific Translation
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   A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (`$') will cause
the string to be translated according to the current locale.  If the
current locale is `C' or `POSIX', the dollar sign is ignored.  If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.

   Some systems use the message catalog selected by the `LC_MESSAGES'
shell variable.  Others create the name of the message catalog from the
value of the `TEXTDOMAIN' shell variable, possibly adding a suffix of
`.mo'.  If you use the `TEXTDOMAIN' variable, you may need to set the
`TEXTDOMAINDIR' variable to the location of the message catalog files.
Still others use both variables in this fashion:
`TEXTDOMAINDIR'/`LC_MESSAGES'/LC_MESSAGES/`TEXTDOMAIN'.mo.