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GNU Info (g77-295.info)Not My TypeNot My Type ----------- A fruitful source of bugs in Fortran source code is use, or mis-use, of Fortran's implicit-typing feature, whereby the type of a variable, array, or function is determined by the first character of its name. Simple cases of this include statements like `LOGX=9.227', without a statement such as `REAL LOGX'. In this case, `LOGX' is implicitly given `INTEGER(KIND=1)' type, with the result of the assignment being that it is given the value `9'. More involved cases include a function that is defined starting with a statement like `DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION IPS(...)'. Any caller of this function that does not also declare `IPS' as type `DOUBLE PRECISION' (or, in GNU Fortran, `REAL(KIND=2)') is likely to assume it returns `INTEGER', or some other type, leading to invalid results or even program crashes. The `-Wimplicit' option might catch failures to properly specify the types of variables, arrays, and functions in the code. However, in code that makes heavy use of Fortran's implicit-typing facility, this option might produce so many warnings about cases that are working, it would be hard to find the one or two that represent bugs. This is why so many experienced Fortran programmers strongly recommend widespread use of the `IMPLICIT NONE' statement, despite it not being standard FORTRAN 77, to completely turn off implicit typing. (`g77' supports `IMPLICIT NONE', as do almost all FORTRAN 77 compilers.) Note that `-Wimplicit' catches only implicit typing of *names*. It does not catch implicit typing of expressions such as `X**(2/3)'. Such expressions can be buggy as well--in fact, `X**(2/3)' is equivalent to `X**0', due to the way Fortran expressions are given types and then evaluated. (In this particular case, the programmer probably wanted `X**(2./3.)'.) automatically generated by info2www version 1.2.2.9 |