Using Variables in a Program
----------------------------
Variables let you give names to values and refer to them later.
Variables have already been used in many of the examples. The name of
a variable must be a sequence of letters, digits, or underscores, and
it may not begin with a digit. Case is significant in variable names;
`a' and `A' are distinct variables.
A variable name is a valid expression by itself; it represents the
variable's current value. Variables are given new values with
"assignment operators", "increment operators", and "decrement
operators". Note:Assignment Expressions.
A few variables have special built-in meanings, such as `FS' (the
field separator), and `NF' (the number of fields in the current input
record). Note:Built-in Variables, for a list of the built-in
variables. These built-in variables can be used and assigned just like
all other variables, but their values are also used or changed
automatically by `awk'. All built-in variables' names are entirely
uppercase.
Variables in `awk' can be assigned either numeric or string values.
The kind of value a variable holds can change over the life of a
program. By default, variables are initialized to the empty string,
which is zero if converted to a number. There is no need to
"initialize" each variable explicitly in `awk', which is what you would
do in C and in most other traditional languages.