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(grub.info)root

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root
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 - Command: root device [hdbias]
     Set the current "root device" to the device DEVICE, then attempt
     to mount it to get the partition size (for passing the partition
     descriptor in `ES:ESI', used by some chain-loaded boot loaders),
     the BSD drive-type (for booting BSD kernels using their native
     boot format), and correctly determine the PC partition where a BSD
     sub-partition is located. The optional HDBIAS parameter is a
     number to tell a BSD kernel how many BIOS drive numbers are on
     controllers before the current one. For example, if there is an
     IDE disk and a SCSI disk, and your FreeBSD root partition is on
     the SCSI disk, then use a `1' for HDBIAS.

     See also Note: rootnoverify.