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(latex.info)Math Formulae

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Math Formulae
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   There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode:

`math'
     For Formulae that appear right in the text.

`displaymath'
     For Formulae that appear on their own line.

`equation'
     The same as the displaymath environment except that it adds an
     equation number in the right margin.

   The `math' environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode,
but the `displaymath' and `equation' environments can be used only in
paragraph mode.  The `math' and `displaymath' environments are used so
often that they have the following short forms:

         \(...\)     instead of     \begin{math}...\end{math}
     
         \[...\]     instead of     \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}

   In fact, the `math' environment is so common that it has an even
shorter form:

         $ ... $     instead of     \(...\)

Subscripts & Superscripts

Also known as exponent or index.

Math Symbols

Various mathematical squiggles.

Spacing in Math Mode

Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces.

Math Miscellany

Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.