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(mtools.info)case sensitivity

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Case sensitivity of the VFAT filesystem
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   The VFAT filesystem is able to remember the case of the filenames.
However, filenames which differ only in case are not allowed to coexist
in the same directory. For example if you store a file called
LongFileName on a VFAT filesystem, mdir shows this file as LongFileName,
and not as Longfilename. However, if you then try to add LongFilename to
the same directory, it is refused, because case is ignored for clash
checks.

   The VFAT filesystem allows to store the case of a filename in the
attribute byte, if all letters of the filename are the same case, and if
all letters of the extension are the same case too. Mtools uses this
information when displaying the files, and also to generate the Unix
filename when mcopying to a Unix directory. This may have unexpected
results when applied to files written using an pre-7.0 version of DOS:
Indeed, the old style filenames map to all upper case. This is different
from the behavior of the old version of mtools which used to generate
lower case Unix filenames.