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(mysql.info)File permissions

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Problems with File Permissions
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If you have problems with file permissions, for example, if `mysql'
issues the following error message when you create a table:

     ERROR: Can't find file: 'path/with/filename.frm' (Errcode: 13)

then the environment variable `UMASK' might be set incorrectly when
`mysqld' starts up.  The default umask value is `0660'. You can change
this behavior by starting `safe_mysqld' as follows:

     shell> UMASK=384  # = 600 in octal
     shell> export UMASK
     shell> /path/to/safe_mysqld &

By default MySQL will create database and `RAID' directories with
permission type 0700.  You can modify this behavior by setting the
`UMASK_DIR' variable. If you set this, new directories are created with
the combined `UMASK' and `UMASK_DIR'. For example, if you want to give
group access to all new directories, you can do:

     shell> UMASK_DIR=504  # = 770 in octal
     shell> export UMASK_DIR
     shell> /path/to/safe_mysqld &

In MySQL Version 3.23.25 and above, MySQL assumes that the value for
`UMASK' and `UMASK_DIR' is in octal if it starts with a zero.

Note: Environment variables.