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(mysql.info)Privilege changes

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When Privilege Changes Take Effect
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When `mysqld' starts, all grant table contents are read into memory and
become effective at that point.

Modifications to the grant tables that you perform using `GRANT',
`REVOKE', or `SET PASSWORD' are noticed by the server immediately.

If you modify the grant tables manually (using `INSERT', `UPDATE',
etc.), you should execute a `FLUSH PRIVILEGES' statement or run
`mysqladmin flush-privileges' or `mysqladmin reload' to tell the server
to reload the grant tables.  Otherwise your changes will have _no
effect_ until you restart the server. If you change the grant tables
manually but forget to reload the privileges, you will be wondering why
your changes don't seem to make any difference!

When the server notices that the grant tables have been changed,
existing client connections are affected as follows:

   * Table and column privilege changes take effect with the client's
     next request.

   * Database privilege changes take effect at the next `USE db_name'
     command.

Global privilege changes and password changes take effect the next time
the client connects.