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(python2.1-lib.info)Process Parameters

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Process Parameters
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These functions and data items provide information and operate on the
current process and user.

`environ'
     A mapping object representing the string environment. For example,
     `environ['HOME']' is the pathname of your home directory (on some
     platforms), and is equivalent to `getenv("HOME")' in C.

     If the platform supports the `putenv()' function, this mapping may
     be used to modify the environment as well as query the
     environment.  `putenv()' will be called automatically when the
     mapping is modified.

     If `putenv()' is not provided, this mapping may be passed to the
     appropriate process-creation functions to cause child processes to
     use a modified environment.

`chdir(path)'

`getcwd'
     These functions are described in "Files and Directories" (section
     Note: Files and Directories).

`ctermid()'
     Return the filename corresponding to the controlling terminal of
     the process.  Availability: UNIX.

`getegid()'
     Return the current process' effective group id.  Availability:
     UNIX.

`geteuid()'
     Return the current process' effective user id.  Availability: UNIX.

`getgid()'
     Return the current process' group id.  Availability: UNIX.

`getgroups()'
     Return list of supplemental group ids associated with the current
     process.  Availability: UNIX.

`getlogin()'
     Return the actual login name for the current process, even if there
     are multiple login names which map to the same user id.
     Availability: UNIX.

`getpgrp()'
     Return the current process group id.  Availability: UNIX.

`getpid()'
     Return the current process id.  Availability: UNIX, Windows.

`getppid()'
     Return the parent's process id.  Availability: UNIX.

`getuid()'
     Return the current process' user id.  Availability: UNIX.

`getenv(varname[, value])'
     Return the value of the environment variable VARNAME if it exists,
     or VALUE if it doesn't.  VALUE defaults to `None'.  Availability:
     most flavors of UNIX, Windows.

`putenv(varname, value)'
     Set the environment variable named VARNAME to the string VALUE.
     Such changes to the environment affect subprocesses started with
     `os.system()', `popen()' or `fork()' and `execv()'.  Availability:
     most flavors of UNIX, Windows.

     When `putenv()' is supported, assignments to items in `os.environ'
     are automatically translated into corresponding calls to
     `putenv()'; however, calls to `putenv()' don't update
     `os.environ', so it is actually preferable to assign to items of
     `os.environ'.

`setegid(egid)'
     Set the current process's effective group id.  Availability: UNIX.

`seteuid(euid)'
     Set the current process's effective user id.  Availability: UNIX.

`setgid(gid)'
     Set the current process' group id.  Availability: UNIX.

`setpgrp()'
     Calls the system call `setpgrp()' or `setpgrp(0, 0)' depending on
     which version is implemented (if any).  See the UNIX manual for
     the semantics.  Availability: UNIX.

`setpgid(pid, pgrp)'
     Calls the system call `setpgid()'.  See the UNIX manual for the
     semantics.  Availability: UNIX.

`setreuid(ruid, euid)'
     Set the current process's real and effective user ids.
     Availability: UNIX.

`setregid(rgid, egid)'
     Set the current process's real and effective group ids.
     Availability: UNIX.

`setsid()'
     Calls the system call `setsid()'.  See the UNIX manual for the
     semantics.  Availability: UNIX.

`setuid(uid)'
     Set the current process' user id.  Availability: UNIX.

`strerror(code)'
     Return the error message corresponding to the error code in CODE.
     Availability: UNIX, Windows.

`umask(mask)'
     Set the current numeric umask and returns the previous umask.
     Availability: UNIX, Windows.

`uname()'
     Return a 5-tuple containing information identifying the current
     operating system.  The tuple contains 5 strings: `(SYSNAME,
     NODENAME, RELEASE, VERSION, MACHINE)'.  Some systems truncate the
     nodename to 8 characters or to the leading component; a better way
     to get the hostname is `socket.gethostname()' or even
     `socket.gethostbyaddr(socket.gethostname())'.  Availability:
     recent flavors of UNIX.