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GNU Info (python2.1-lib.info)shelvePython object persistence ========================= Python object persistence. A "shelf" is a persistent, dictionary-like object. The difference with "dbm" databases is that the values (not the keys!) in a shelf can be essentially arbitrary Python objects -- anything that the `pickle' module can handle. This includes most class instances, recursive data types, and objects containing lots of shared sub-objects. The keys are ordinary strings. To summarize the interface (`key' is a string, `data' is an arbitrary object): import shelve d = shelve.open(filename) # open, with (g)dbm filename -- no suffix d[key] = data # store data at key (overwrites old data if # using an existing key) data = d[key] # retrieve data at key (raise KeyError if no # such key) del d[key] # delete data stored at key (raises KeyError # if no such key) flag = d.has_key(key) # true if the key exists list = d.keys() # a list of all existing keys (slow!) d.close() # close it Restrictions: * The choice of which database package will be used (e.g. `dbm' or `gdbm') depends on which interface is available. Therefore it is not safe to open the database directly using `dbm'. The database is also (unfortunately) subject to the limitations of `dbm', if it is used -- this means that (the pickled representation of) the objects stored in the database should be fairly small, and in rare cases key collisions may cause the database to refuse updates. * Dependent on the implementation, closing a persistent dictionary may or may not be necessary to flush changes to disk. * The `shelve' module does not support _concurrent_ read/write access to shelved objects. (Multiple simultaneous read accesses are safe.) When a program has a shelf open for writing, no other program should have it open for reading or writing. UNIX file locking can be used to solve this, but this differs across UNIX versions and requires knowledge about the database implementation used. See also: Note: anydbm Generic interface to `dbm'-style databases. Note: dbhash BSD `db' database interface. Note: dbm Standard UNIX database interface. Note: dumbdbm Portable implementation of the `dbm' interface. Note: gdbm GNU database interface, based on the `dbm' interface. Note: pickle Object serialization used by `shelve'. Note: cPickle High-performance version of `pickle'. automatically generated by info2www version 1.2.2.9 |