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(zsh.info)ZLE Functions
ZLE Functions ============= Widgets ------- These functions all implement user-defined ZLE widgets (see Note: Zsh Line Editor) which can be bound to keystrokes in interactive shells. To use them, your .zshrc should contain lines of the form autoload FUNCTION zle -N FUNCTION followed by an appropriate bindkey command to associate the function with a key sequence. Suggested bindings are described below. bash-forward-word, bash-backward-word bash-kill-word, bash-backward-kill-word bash-up-case-word, bash-down-case-word bash-transpose-words These work similarly to the corresponding builtin zle functions without the `bash-' prefix, but a word is considered to consist of alphanumeric characters only. If you wish to replace your existing bindings with these four widgets, the following is sufficient: for widget in kill-word backward-kill-word \ forward-word backward-word \ up-case-word down-case-word \ transpose-words; do autoload bash-$widget zle -N $widget bash-$widget done cycle-completion-positions After inserting an unambiguous string into the command line, the new function based completion system may know about multiple places in this string where characters are missing or differ from at least one of the possible matches. It will then place the cursor on the position it considers to be the most interesting one, i.e. the one where one can disambiguate between as many matches as possible with as little typing as possible. This widget allows the cursor to be easily moved to the other interesting spots. It can be invoked repeatedly to cycle between all positions reported by the completion system. edit-command-line Edit the command line using your visual editor, as in ksh. bindkey -M vicmd v edit-command-line history-search-end This function implements the widgets history-beginning-search-backward-end and history-beginning-search-forward-end. These commands work by first calling the corresponding builtin widget (see Note: History Control) and then moving the cursor to the end of the line. The original cursor position is remembered and restored before calling the builtin widget a second time, so that the same search is repeated to look farther through the history. Although you autoload only one function, the commands to use it are slightly different because it implements two widgets. zle -N history-beginning-search-backward-end \ history-search-end zle -N history-beginning-search-forward-end \ history-search-end bindkey '\e^P' history-beginning-search-backward-end bindkey '\e^N' history-beginning-search-forward-end incarg Typing the keystrokes for this widget with the cursor placed on or to the left of an integer causes that integer to be incremented by one. With a numeric prefix argument, the number is incremented by the amount of the argument (decremented if the prefix argument is negative). The shell parameter incarg may be set to change the default increment something other than one. bindkey '^X+' incarg incremental-complete-word This allows incremental completion of a word. After starting this command, a list of completion choices can be shown after every character you type, which you can delete with ^H or DEL. Pressing return accepts the completion so far and returns you to normal editing (that is, the command line is _not_ immediately executed). You can hit TAB to do normal completion, ^G to abort back to the state when you started, and ^D to list the matches. This works only with the new function based completion system. bindkey '^Xi' incremental-complete-word insert-files This function allows you type a file pattern, and see the results of the expansion at each step. When you hit return, all expansions are inserted into the command line. bindkey '^Xf' insert-files predict-on This set of functions implements predictive typing using history search. After predict-on, typing characters causes the editor to look backward in the history for the first line beginning with what you have typed so far. After predict-off, editing returns to normal for the line found. In fact, you often don't even need to use predict-off, because if the line doesn't match something in the history, adding a key performs standard completion, and then inserts itself if no completions were found. However, editing in the middle of a line is liable to confuse prediction; see the toggle style below. With the function based completion system (which is needed for this), you should be able to type TAB at almost any point to advance the cursor to the next ``interesting'' character position (usually the end of the current word, but sometimes somewhere in the middle of the word). And of course as soon as the entire line is what you want, you can accept with return, without needing to move the cursor to the end first. The first time predict-on is used, it creates several additional widget functions: delete-backward-and-predict Replaces the backward-delete-char widget. You do not need to bind this yourself. insert-and-predict Implements predictive typing by replacing the self-insert widget. You do not need to bind this yourself. predict-off Turns off predictive typing. Although you autoload only the predict-on function, it is necessary to create a keybinding for predict-off as well. zle -N predict-on zle -N predict-off bindkey '^X^Z' predict-on bindkey '^Z' predict-off smart-insert-last-word This function may replace the insert-last-word widget, like so: zle -N insert-last-word smart-insert-last-word With a numeric prefix, it behaves like insert-last-word, except that words in comments are ignored when INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS is set. Otherwise, the rightmost ``interesting'' word from the previous command is found and inserted. The default definition of ``interesting'' is that the word contains at least one alphabetic character, slash, or backslash. This definition may be overridden by use of the match style. The context used to look up the style is the widget name, so usually the context is :insert-last-word. However, you can bind this function to different widgets to use different patterns: zle -N insert-last-assignment smart-insert-last-word zstyle :insert-last-assignment match '[[:alpha:]][][[:alnum:]]#=*' bindkey '\e=' insert-last-assignment Styles ------ The behavior of several of the above widgets can be controlled by the use of the zstyle mechanism. In particular, widgets that interact with the completion system pass along their context to any completions that they invoke. break-keys This style is used by the incremental-complete-word widget. Its value should be a pattern, and all keys matching this pattern will cause the widget to stop incremental completion without the key having any further effect. Like all styles used directly by incremental-complete-word, this style is looked up using the context `:incremental'. completer The incremental-complete-word and insert-and-predict widgets set up their top-level context name before calling completion. This allows one to define different sets of completer functions for normal completion and for these widgets. For example, to use completion, approximation and correction for normal completion, completion and correction for incremental completion and only completion for prediction one could use: zstyle ':completion:*' completer \ _complete _correct _approximate zstyle ':completion:incremental:*' completer \ _complete _correct zstyle ':completion:predict:*' completer \ _complete It is a good idea to restrict the completers used in prediction, because they may be automatically invoked as you type. The _list and _menu completers should never be used with prediction. The _approximate, _correct, _expand, and _match completers may be used, but be aware that they may change characters anywhere in the word behind the cursor, so you need to watch carefully that the result is what you intended. cursor The insert-and-predict widget uses this style, in the context `:predict', to decide where to place the cursor after completion has been tried. Values are: complete The cursor is left where it was when completion finished, but only if it is after a character equal to the one just inserted by the user. If it is after another character, this value is the same as `key'. key The cursor is left after the Nth occurrence of the character just inserted, where N is the number of times that character appeared in the word before completion was attempted. In short, this has the effect of leaving the cursor after the character just typed even if the completion code found out that no other characters need to be inserted at that position. Any other value for this style unconditionally leaves the cursor at the position where the completion code left it. list When using the incremental-complete-word widget, this style says if the matches should be listed on every key press (if they fit on the screen). Use the context prefix `:completion:incremental'. The insert-and-predict widget uses this style to decide if the completion should be shown even if there is only one possible completion. This is done if the value of this style is the string always. In this case the context is `:predict' (_not_ `:completion:predict'). match This style is used by smart-insert-last-word to provide a pattern (using full EXTENDED_GLOB syntax) that matches an interesting word. The context is the name of the widget to which smart-insert-last-word is bound (see above). The default behavior of smart-insert-last-word is equivalent to: zstyle :insert-last-word match '*[[:alpha:]/\\]*' However, you might want to include words that contain spaces: zstyle :insert-last-word match '*[[:alpha:][:space:]/\\]*' Or include numbers as long as the word is at least two characters long: zstyle :insert-last-word match '*([[:digit:]]?|[[:alpha:]/\\])*' The above example causes redirections like "2>" to be included. prompt The incremental-complete-word widget shows the value of this style in the status line during incremental completion. The string value may contain any of the following substrings in the manner of the PS1 and other prompt parameters: %c Replaced by the name of the completer function that generated the matches (without the leading underscore). %l When the list style is set, replaced by `...' if the list of matches is too long to fit on the screen and with an empty string otherwise. If the list style is `false' or not set, `%l' is always removed. %n Replaced by the number of matches generated. %s Replaced by `-no match-', `-no prefix-', or an empty string if there is no completion matching the word on the line, if the matches have no common prefix different from the word on the line, or if there is such a common prefix, respectively. %u Replaced by the unambiguous part of all matches, if there is any, and if it is different from the word on the line. Like `break-keys', this uses the `:incremental' context. stop-keys This style is used by the incremental-complete-word widget. Its value is treated similarly to the one for the break-keys style (and uses the same context: `:incremental'). However, in this case all keys matching the pattern given as its value will stop incremental completion and will then execute their usual function. toggle This boolean style is used by predict-on and its related widgets in the context `:predict'. If set to one of the standard `true' values, predictive typing is automatically toggled off in situations where it is unlikely to be useful, such as when editing a multi-line buffer or after moving into the middle of a line and then deleting a character. The default is to leave prediction turned on until an explicit call to predict-off. verbose This boolean style is used by predict-on and its related widgets in the context `:predict'. If set to one of the standard `true' values, these widgets display a message below the prompt when the predictive state is toggled. This is most useful in combination with the toggle style. The default does not display these messages.
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