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E. Contributors to the GNU C Library

The GNU C library was written originally by Roland McGrath, and is currently maintained by Ulrich Drepper. Some parts of the library were contributed or worked on by other people.

• The getopt function and related code was written by Richard Stallman, David J. MacKenzie, and Roland McGrath.

• The merge sort function qsort was written by Michael J. Haertel.

• The quick sort function used as a fallback by qsort was written by Douglas C. Schmidt.

• The memory allocation functions malloc, realloc and free and related code were written by Michael J. Haertel, Wolfram Gloger, and Doug Lea.

• Fast implementations of many of the string functions (memcpy, strlen, etc.) were written by Torbjörn Granlund.

• The `tar.h' header file was written by David J. MacKenzie.

• The port to the MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4 (mips-dec-ultrix4) was contributed by Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor.

• The DES encryption function crypt and related functions were contributed by Michael Glad.

• The ftw and nftw functions were contributed by Ulrich Drepper.

• The startup code to support SunOS shared libraries was contributed by Tom Quinn.

• The mktime function was contributed by Paul Eggert.

• The port to the Sequent Symmetry running Dynix version 3 (i386-sequent-bsd) was contributed by Jason Merrill.

• The timezone support code is derived from the public-domain timezone package by Arthur David Olson and his many contributors.

• The port to the DEC Alpha running OSF/1 (alpha-dec-osf1) was contributed by Brendan Kehoe, using some code written by Roland McGrath.

• The port to SGI machines running Irix 4 (mips-sgi-irix4) was contributed by Tom Quinn.

• The port of the Mach and Hurd code to the MIPS architecture (mips-anything-gnu) was contributed by Kazumoto Kojima.

• The floating-point printing function used by printf and friends and the floating-point reading function used by scanf, strtod and friends were written by Ulrich Drepper. The multi-precision integer functions used in those functions are taken from GNU MP, which was contributed by Torbjörn Granlund.

• The internationalization support in the library, and the support programs locale and localedef, were written by Ulrich Drepper. Ulrich Drepper adapted the support code for message catalogs (`libintl.h', etc.) from the GNU gettext package, which he also wrote. He also contributed the catgets support and the entire suite of multi-byte and wide-character support functions (`wctype.h', `wchar.h', etc.).

• The implementations of the `nsswitch.conf' mechanism and the files and DNS backends for it were designed and written by Ulrich Drepper and Roland McGrath, based on a backend interface defined by Peter Eriksson.

• The port to Linux i386/ELF (i386-anything-linux) was contributed by Ulrich Drepper, based in large part on work done in Hongjiu Lu's Linux version of the GNU C Library.

• The port to Linux/m68k (m68k-anything-linux) was contributed by Andreas Schwab.

• The ports to Linux/ARM (arm-ANYTHING-linuxaout) and ARM standalone (arm-ANYTHING-none), as well as parts of the IPv6 support code, were contributed by Philip Blundell.

• Richard Henderson contributed the ELF dynamic linking code and other support for the Alpha processor.

• David Mosberger-Tang contributed the port to Linux/Alpha (alpha-anything-linux).

• The port to Linux on PowerPC (powerpc-anything-linux) was contributed by Geoffrey Keating.

• Miles Bader wrote the argp argument-parsing package, and the argz/envz interfaces.

• Stephen R. van den Berg contributed a highly-optimized strstr function.

• Ulrich Drepper contributed the hsearch and drand48 families of functions; reentrant `..._r' versions of the random family; System V shared memory and IPC support code; and several highly-optimized string functions for ix86 processors.

• The math functions are taken from fdlibm-5.1 by Sun Microsystems, as modified by J.T. Conklin, Ian Lance Taylor, Ulrich Drepper, Andreas Schwab, and Roland McGrath.

• The libio library used to implement stdio functions on some platforms was written by Per Bothner and modified by Ulrich Drepper.

• Eric Youngdale and Ulrich Drepper implemented versioning of objects on symbol level.

• Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for NIS (YP) and NIS+, securelevel 0, 1 and 2.

• Andreas Jaeger provided a test suite for the math library.

• Mark Kettenis implemented the utmpx interface and an utmp daemon.

• Ulrich Drepper added character conversion functions (iconv).

• Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for a caching daemon for NSS (nscd).

• Tim Waugh provided an implementation of the POSIX.2 wordexp function family.

• Mark Kettenis provided a Hesiod NSS module.

• The Internet-related code (most of the `inet' subdirectory) and several other miscellaneous functions and header files have been included from 4.4 BSD with little or no modification.

  All code incorporated from 4.4 BSD is under the following copyright:

  Copyright © 1991 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. [This condition was removed.]
  4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

• The random number generation functions random, srandom, setstate and initstate, which are also the basis for the rand and srand functions, were written by Earl T. Cohen for the University of California at Berkeley and are copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California. They have undergone minor changes to fit into the GNU C library and to fit the ISO C standard, but the functional code is Berkeley's.

• The DNS resolver code is taken directly from BIND 4.9.5, which is under both the Berkeley copyright above and also:

  Portions Copyright © 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without specific, written prior permission.

  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

• The code to support Sun RPC is taken verbatim from Sun's RPCSRC-4.0 distribution, and is covered by this copyright:

  Copyright © 1984, Sun Microsystems, Inc.

  Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape media and as a part of the software program in whole or part. Users may copy or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized to license or distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or program developed by the user.

  SUN RPC IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE.

  Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction, modification or enhancement.

  SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHTS, TRADE SECRETS OR ANY PATENTS BY SUN RPC OR ANY PART THEREOF.

  In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

  Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, California 94043

• Some of the support code for Mach is taken from Mach 3.0 by CMU, and is under the following copyright terms:

  Mach Operating System Copyright © 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved.

  Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.

  CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

  Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to

  Software Distribution Coordinator School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890

  or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to redistribute these changes.

• The code for the database library `libdb' comes from the 2.3 release of Berkeley DB. That code is under the same copyright as 4.4 BSD and also:

  Copyright © 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Sleepycat Software. All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Redistributions in any form must be accompanied by information on how to obtain complete source code for the DB software and any accompanying software that uses the DB software. The source code must either be included in the distribution or be available for no more than the cost of distribution plus a nominal fee, and must be freely redistributable under reasonable conditions. For an executable file, complete source code means the source code for all modules it contains. It does not mean source code for modules or files that typically accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, e.g., standard library modules or system header files.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY SLEEPYCAT SOFTWARE "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL SLEEPYCAT SOFTWARE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

  Portions copyright © 1995, 1996 The President and Fellows of Harvard University. All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement:

     This product includes software developed by Harvard University and its contributors.

  4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY HARVARD AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL HARVARD OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

  For a license to use, redistribute or sell DB software under conditions other than those described above, or to purchase support for this software, please contact Sleepycat Software at

  Sleepycat Software 394 E. Riding Dr. Carlisle, MA 01741 USA +1-508-287-4781

  or db@sleepycat.com.