Init File Examples
------------------
Here are some examples of doing certain commonly desired things with
Lisp expressions:
* Make <TAB> in C mode just insert a tab if point is in the middle
of a line.
(setq c-tab-always-indent nil)
Here we have a variable whose value is normally `t' for `true' and
the alternative is `nil' for `false'.
* Make searches case sensitive by default (in all buffers that do not
override this).
(setq-default case-fold-search nil)
This sets the default value, which is effective in all buffers
that do not have local values for the variable. Setting
`case-fold-search' with `setq' affects only the current buffer's
local value, which is not what you probably want to do in an init
file.
* Specify your own email address, if Emacs can't figure it out
correctly.
(setq user-mail-address "coon@yoyodyne.com")
Various Emacs packages that need your own email address use the
value of `user-mail-address'.
* Make Text mode the default mode for new buffers.
(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode)
Note that `text-mode' is used because it is the command for
entering Text mode. The single-quote before it makes the symbol a
constant; otherwise, `text-mode' would be treated as a variable
name.
* Set up defaults for the Latin-1 character set which supports most
of the languages of Western Europe.
(set-language-environment "Latin-1")
* Turn on Auto Fill mode automatically in Text mode and related
modes.
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook
'(lambda () (auto-fill-mode 1)))
This shows how to add a hook function to a normal hook variable
(Note:Hooks). The function we supply is a list starting with
`lambda', with a single-quote in front of it to make it a list
constant rather than an expression.
It's beyond the scope of this manual to explain Lisp functions,
but for this example it is enough to know that the effect is to
execute `(auto-fill-mode 1)' when Text mode is entered. You can
replace that with any other expression that you like, or with
several expressions in a row.
Emacs comes with a function named `turn-on-auto-fill' whose
definition is `(lambda () (auto-fill-mode 1))'. Thus, a simpler
way to write the above example is as follows:
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
* Load the installed Lisp library named `foo' (actually a file
`foo.elc' or `foo.el' in a standard Emacs directory).
(load "foo")
When the argument to `load' is a relative file name, not starting
with `/' or `~', `load' searches the directories in `load-path'
(Note:Lisp Libraries).
* Load the compiled Lisp file `foo.elc' from your home directory.
(load "~/foo.elc")
Here an absolute file name is used, so no searching is done.
* Tell Emacs to find the definition for the function `myfunction' by
loading a Lisp library named `mypackage' (i.e. a file
`mypackage.elc' or `mypackage.el'):
(autoload 'myfunction "mypackage" "Do what I say." t)
Here the string `"Do what I say."' is the function's documentation
string. You specify it in the `autoload' definition so it will be
available for help commands even when the package is not loaded.
The last argument, `t', indicates that this function is
interactive; that is, it can be invoked interactively by typing
`M-x myfunction <RET>' or by binding it to a key. If the function
is not interactive, omit the `t' or use `nil'.
* Rebind the key `C-x l' to run the function `make-symbolic-link'.
(global-set-key "\C-xl" 'make-symbolic-link)
or
(define-key global-map "\C-xl" 'make-symbolic-link)
Note once again the single-quote used to refer to the symbol
`make-symbolic-link' instead of its value as a variable.
* Do the same thing for Lisp mode only.
(define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-xl" 'make-symbolic-link)
* Redefine all keys which now run `next-line' in Fundamental mode so
that they run `forward-line' instead.
(substitute-key-definition 'next-line 'forward-line
global-map)
* Make `C-x C-v' undefined.
(global-unset-key "\C-x\C-v")
One reason to undefine a key is so that you can make it a prefix.
Simply defining `C-x C-v ANYTHING' will make `C-x C-v' a prefix,
but `C-x C-v' must first be freed of its usual non-prefix
definition.
* Make `$' have the syntax of punctuation in Text mode. Note the
use of a character constant for `$'.
(modify-syntax-entry ?\$ "." text-mode-syntax-table)
* Enable the use of the command `narrow-to-region' without
confirmation.
(put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)