To Linux eivai ousiastika movo o purnvas tou Leitourgikou sustnmatos,
kai 3ekivnse to 1990 apo evav fivlavdo foitntn tov Linus Torvalds,
sav omadikn peiramatikn idea stov tote kaivourio 386.
Ta upoloipa ta gvwrizete...
Eav 8elete eva a3iopisto leitourgiko sustnma, me kaln apodosn, xwris kollnmata kai pln8wra
efarmogwv kai dev fobaste eva kaivourio periballov ergasias, tote to Linux eivai gia esas.
Mporeite px me ?.000drx va to agorasete se 6 CD, mazi me tis polles efarmoges tou, n
va dwsete kati parapavw gia va parete mia eukoln sto stnsimo diavomn mazi me egxeiridio xrnsns.
To Linux eivai eva ka8ara 32bit Leitourgiko Sustnma, me poluepe3ergastikes (multitasking)
duvatotntes.
Stnv pra3n auto snmaivei, oti mporeite va trexete polles efarmoges tautoxrova,
xwris kivduvo va "kremasei" o upologistns.
To Linux exei:
kalutern a3iopoinsn tou sustnmatos apo to DOS, Win 3.x
kalutero multitasking apo ta Windows 95,
kalutern apodosn apo ta Windows NT,
polles efarmoges se sugkrisn me to OS/2.
To Linux ws gvnsio Unix, exei eggevws ulopoinmevo to TCP/IP, to prwtokollo tou Internet.
Eivai katallnlo gia diktuakes efarmoges, kai mporei va douleyei me a3iopistia ws dromologntns
n proxy. Exei POSIX compliance kai upostnrizei TCP/IP & SPX/IPX, SNMP & RIP, NCP, SMB.
Ws server eivai polu duvato se oles autes tis periptwseis: file server, printer server,
web server, ftp server, news server, mail (pop) server. Mporei va avtikatastnsei eva sustnma
me Windows NT n Novell Netware DIAFANA gia tous clients.
To Linux eivai suvufasmevo me to GNU project tns Free Software Foundation (FSF).
To GNU ekfrazei mia filosofia suvergasias, opou kapoios
pou grafei eva programma to dia8etei se olous aveu amoibns.
Apotelesma autou eivai n eleu8ern avtigrafn tou, kai oti eivai dwreav.
Stnv periptwsn twv CD, plnrwvei kaveis movo to kostos tous.
Kat' arxnv to Linux diabazei ola ta fileystems twv allwv leitourgikwv
(FAT, VFAT, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, HFS, ISO9660, Rock-Ridge, Joliet, UFS klp).
To DOSEMU 8a sas epitreyei va tre3ete efarmoges tou DOS pou trexouv
se eikovikes mnxaves upo tov elegxo tou purnva (vm86).
Douleuei polu a3iopista kai diati8etai dwreav opws to Linux.
To WABI 8a sas epitreyei va tre3ete 16bit efarmoges twv WIN3.11, alla stoixizei 199$
To WINE kavei tnv idia douleia dwreav, alla oxi toso kala.
Teleutaia (1999) deixvei sobara snmadia wrimavsns.
To Executor mporei va tre3ei efarmoges gia Macintosh.
Oi pio polloi evdiaferovtai gia va mporouv va diabazouv arxeia doc pou proerxovtai
apo Office kai uparxei gia autous to StarOffice 5.1, pou diabazei mexri kai Word 97 keimeva.
Eav apo8nkeuate ta dedomeva sas xrnsimopoiwvtas avoixta protupa (txt, dbf, html, rtf),
8a breite toulaxistov eva ergaleio gia va douleyete me auta, eav oxi...
Praktika ta pavta, arkei va milame gia avoikta kai diadedomeva protupa kai prwtokolla:
sxedov pote dev eiste o prwtos pou exei eva sugkekrimevo problnma kai kapoios allos
to exei lusei gia esas.
To metalab eivai to kat' e3oxnv snmeio gia va brei kaveis programmata
gurw apo to avtikeimevo pou tov evdiaferei, deite http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/
To Linux Software Map (LSM) exei olo to uparxov logismiko.
Mporeite va kavete kai avazntnsn me le3eis kleidia.
http://www.boutell.com/lsm/
Sto Linux tov purnva mporei kaveis va tov ftia3ei o idios,
me mia diadikasia pou legetai compile.
Av kai eivai duvatov va douleyei kapoios me evav etoimo, eivai kaln idea
va ftia3ei evav purnva prosarmosmevo sto sustnma tou,
idiaitera eav 8elei e3eidikeumeves duvatotntes.
H diadikasia suvistatai idiaitera se autous pou 8elouv
va mple3ouv me ta evdotera tou leitourgikou sustnmatos.
Oi evtoles pou xreiazovtai gia eva tupiko compile eivai (ta # eivai sxolia):
cd /usr/src/linux
make config # n make menuconfig n make xconfig, exei kai help.
make dep
make clean
make zImage # meta apo auto, uparxei o purnvas sto /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage
make modules # Ta modules ftiaxvovtai priv arxisei n diadikasia egkatastasns
make modules_install # Egkatastasn twv modules sto /lib
make install # prosoxn va uparxouv oi swstes ru8miseis sto /etc/lilo.conf
H teleutaia evtoln eivai autn pou 8a stnsei tov purnva (suvn8ws sto /vmlinuz),
suvdeovtas tov me tov boot loader LILO.
Eva reboot, 8a balei tov veo purnva se xrnsn...
(molis brnkate tov movadiko logo pou kavei kaveis reboot me linux).
To SIG11 eivai ousiastika eva sfalma prostasias (Protection Fault).
Eivai arketa pi8avo va sumbei tnv wra pou ftiaxvoume purnva kai n aitia
eivai oti to sustnma ekeivn tnv wra zorizetai - DIABASTE:
Polla SIG11 snmaivouv kako uliko n problnmata sumbatotntas
me tnv mvnmn,tov epe3ergastn, tnv mntrikn.
Gia perissoteres plnrofories, deite:
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/
Sto xwro tou Unix exoume ta e3ns eleu8erns xrnsns leitourgika:
Linux
GNU Hurd
FreeBSD
NetBSD
OpenBSD
Apo ola auta movo to FreeBSD exei praktikn a3ia,
eivai idiaitera gvwsto gia tnv sta8erotnta tou kai tnv apodosn tou se sustnmata
e3upnretwv me evtovn xrnsn (px ftp.cdrom.com). Eivai par' ola auta
pio dusxrnsto apo to Linux, kai dev exei tetoia pln8wra logismikou.
Teleutaia, trexei ta pio polla programmata tou Linux me e3omoiwsn.
Eav 8elete va peiramatisteite me tupou BSD UNIX, a3izei va asxoln8eite mazi tou.
American National Standards Institute, the US member of ISO
ASCII
American Standard Code of Information Interchange
CP
Code Page
CP850
Code Page 850, the most widely used MS DOS code page
CR
Carriage Return
CTAN server
Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, the world's largest
repository for TeX related material. It consists of three
sites mirrowing each other: ftp.shsu.edu, ftp.tex.ac.uk,
ftp.dante.de. The current configuration, including known
mirrows, can be obtained by fingering ctan_us@ftp.shsu.edu
DEC
Digital Equipment Corp.
DIN
Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Industry Norm)
DOS
Disk Operating System
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
---a proprietary IBM character set used on mainframes
ECMA
European Computer Manufacturer's Association
emacs
Editing Macros, a family of popular text editors
Esperanto
A synthetic, universal language developed by Dr. Zamenhof in 1887.
FSF
Free Software Foundation
FTP
File Transmission Protocol
GNU
GNU's not Unix, an FSF project
GPL
General Public License
IBM
International Business Machines Corp.
IP
Internet Protocol
ISO
International Standards Organization
KOI8
???---a popular encoding for Cyrillic on UNIX workstations
LaTeX
A macro package for TeX
MCS
DEC's Multilingual Character Set---the ISO 8859--1 draft standard
MIME
Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
OS
Operating System
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface (an IEEE UNIX standard)