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Table of Contents

1. Compile C, C++, Objective C, or Fortran
2. GCC Command Options

2.1 Option Summary
2.2 Options Controlling the Kind of Output
2.3 Compiling C++ Programs
2.4 Options Controlling C Dialect
2.5 Options Controlling C++ Dialect
2.6 Options to Request or Suppress Warnings
2.7 Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC
2.8 Options That Control Optimization
2.9 Options Controlling the Preprocessor
2.10 Passing Options to the Assembler
2.11 Options for Linking
2.12 Options for Directory Search
2.13 Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version
2.14 Hardware Models and Configurations

2.14.1 M680x0 Options
2.14.2 VAX Options
2.14.3 SPARC Options
2.14.4 Convex Options
2.14.5 AMD29K Options
2.14.6 ARM Options
2.14.7 Thumb Options
2.14.8 MN10200 Options
2.14.9 MN10300 Options
2.14.10 M32R/D Options
2.14.11 M88K Options
2.14.12 IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options
2.14.13 IBM RT Options
2.14.14 MIPS Options
2.14.15 Intel 386 Options
2.14.16 HPPA Options
2.14.17 Intel 960 Options
2.14.18 DEC Alpha Options
2.14.19 Clipper Options
2.14.20 H8/300 Options
2.14.21 SH Options
2.14.22 Options for System V
2.14.23 TMS320C3x/C4x Options
2.14.24 V850 Options
2.14.25 ARC Options
2.14.26 NS32K Options

2.15 Options for Code Generation Conventions
2.16 Environment Variables Affecting GCC
2.17 Running Protoize

3. Installing GNU CC

3.1 Files Created by configure
3.2 Configurations Supported by GNU CC
3.3 Compilation in a Separate Directory
3.4 Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler

3.4.1 Steps of Cross-Compilation
3.4.2 Configuring a Cross-Compiler
3.4.3 Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler
3.4.4 `libgcc.a' and Cross-Compilers
3.4.5 Cross-Compilers and Header Files
3.4.6 Actually Building the Cross-Compiler

3.5 Installing GNU CC on the Sun
3.6 Installing GNU CC on VMS
3.7 collect2
3.8 Standard Header File Directories

4. Extensions to the C Language Family

4.1 Statements and Declarations in Expressions
4.2 Locally Declared Labels
4.3 Labels as Values
4.4 Nested Functions
4.5 Constructing Function Calls
4.6 Naming an Expression's Type
4.7 Referring to a Type with typeof
4.8 Generalized Lvalues
4.9 Conditionals with Omitted Operands
4.10 Double-Word Integers
4.11 Complex Numbers
4.12 Hex Floats
4.13 Arrays of Length Zero
4.14 Arrays of Variable Length
4.15 Macros with Variable Numbers of Arguments
4.16 Non-Lvalue Arrays May Have Subscripts
4.17 Arithmetic on void- and Function-Pointers
4.18 Non-Constant Initializers
4.19 Constructor Expressions
4.20 Labeled Elements in Initializers
4.21 Case Ranges
4.22 Cast to a Union Type
4.23 Declaring Attributes of Functions
4.24 Prototypes and Old-Style Function Definitions
4.25 C++ Style Comments
4.26 Dollar Signs in Identifier Names
4.27 The Character ESC in Constants
4.28 Inquiring on Alignment of Types or Variables
4.29 Specifying Attributes of Variables
4.30 Specifying Attributes of Types
4.31 An Inline Function is As Fast As a Macro
4.32 Assembler Instructions with C Expression Operands

4.32.1 i386 floating point asm operands

4.33 Constraints for asm Operands

4.33.1 Simple Constraints
4.33.2 Multiple Alternative Constraints
4.33.3 Constraint Modifier Characters
4.33.4 Constraints for Particular Machines

4.34 Controlling Names Used in Assembler Code
4.35 Variables in Specified Registers

4.35.1 Defining Global Register Variables
4.35.2 Specifying Registers for Local Variables

4.36 Alternate Keywords
4.37 Incomplete enum Types
4.38 Function Names as Strings
4.39 Getting the Return or Frame Address of a Function
4.40 Other built-in functions provided by GNU CC
4.41 Deprecated Features

5. Extensions to the C++ Language

5.1 Named Return Values in C++
5.2 Minimum and Maximum Operators in C++
5.3 goto and Destructors in GNU C++
5.4 Declarations and Definitions in One Header
5.5 Where's the Template?
5.6 Extracting the function pointer from a bound pointer to member function
5.7 Type Abstraction using Signatures

6. gcov: a Test Coverage Program

6.1 Introduction to gcov
6.2 Invoking gcov
6.3 Using gcov with GCC Optimization
6.4 Brief description of gcov data files

7. Known Causes of Trouble with GCC

7.1 Actual Bugs We Haven't Fixed Yet
7.2 Installation Problems
7.3 Cross-Compiler Problems
7.4 Interoperation
7.5 Problems Compiling Certain Programs
7.6 Incompatibilities of GCC
7.7 Fixed Header Files
7.8 Standard Libraries
7.9 Disappointments and Misunderstandings
7.10 Common Misunderstandings with GNU C++

7.10.1 Declare and Define Static Members
7.10.2 Temporaries May Vanish Before You Expect
7.10.3 Implicit Copy-Assignment for Virtual Bases

7.11 Caveats of using protoize
7.12 Certain Changes We Don't Want to Make
7.13 Warning Messages and Error Messages

8. Reporting Bugs

8.1 Have You Found a Bug?
8.2 Where to Report Bugs
8.3 How to Report Bugs
8.4 Sending Patches for GCC

9. How To Get Help with GCC
10. Contributing to GCC Development
11. Using GCC on VMS

11.1 Include Files and VMS
11.2 Global Declarations and VMS
11.3 Other VMS Issues

Funding Free Software
Linux and the GNU Project
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Preamble
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

Contributors to GCC
Index