GNU Info
Info Node: (emacs)Top
(emacs)Top
The Emacs Editor
****************
Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
21.2. For information on extending Emacs, see *Note Emacs Lisp:
(elisp)Top.
Distrib How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
Copying The GNU General Public License gives you permission
to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
it also explains that there is no warranty.
GNU Free Documentation License The license for this documentation.
Intro An introduction to Emacs concepts.
Glossary The glossary.
Antinews Information about Emacs version 20.
Mac OS Using Emacs in the Mac.
MS-DOS Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as "MS-DOG").
Manifesto What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
Acknowledgments Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
Indexes (nodes containing large menus)
Key Index An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
Command Index An item for each command name.
Variable Index An item for each documented variable.
Concept Index An item for each concept.
Option Index An item for every command-line option.
Important General Concepts
Screen How to interpret what you see on the screen.
User Input Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
function keys).
Keys Key sequences: what you type to request one
editing action.
Commands Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
Text Characters Character set for text (the contents of buffers
and strings).
Entering Emacs Starting Emacs from the shell.
Exiting Stopping or killing Emacs.
Command Arguments Hairy startup options.
Fundamental Editing Commands
Basic The most basic editing commands.
Minibuffer Entering arguments that are prompted for.
M-x Invoking commands by their names.
Help Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
Important Text-Changing Commands
Mark The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
Killing Killing text.
Yanking Recovering killed text. Moving text.
Accumulating Text Other ways of copying text.
Rectangles Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
Registers Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
Display Controlling what text is displayed.
Search Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
Fixit Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
Major Structures of Emacs
Files All about handling files.
Buffers Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
Windows Viewing two pieces of text at once.
Frames Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
International Using non-ASCII character sets (the MULE features).
Advanced Features
Major Modes Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
Indentation Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
Text Commands and modes for editing English.
Programs Commands and modes for editing programs.
Building Compiling, running and debugging programs.
Maintaining Features for maintaining large programs.
Abbrevs How to define text abbreviations to reduce
the number of characters you must type.
Picture Editing pictures made up of characters
using the quarter-plane screen model.
Sending Mail Sending mail in Emacs.
Rmail Reading mail in Emacs.
Dired You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
Calendar/Diary The calendar and diary facilities.
Gnus How to read netnews with Emacs.
Shell Executing shell commands from Emacs.
Emacs Server Using Emacs as an editing server for `mail', etc.
Hardcopy Printing buffers or regions.
PostScript Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
PostScript Variables
Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
Sorting Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
Narrowing Restricting display and editing to a portion
of the buffer.
Two-Column Splitting apart columns to edit them
in side-by-side windows.
Editing Binary Files
Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
Saving Emacs Sessions
Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
Recursive Edit A command can allow you to do editing
"within the command". This is called a
"recursive editing level".
Emulation Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
Hyperlinking Following links in buffers.
Dissociated Press Dissociating text for fun.
Amusements Various games and hacks.
Customization Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
Recovery from Problems
Quitting Quitting and aborting.
Lossage What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
Bugs How and when to report a bug.
Contributing How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
Service How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
The Organization of the Screen
Point The place in the text where editing commands operate.
Echo Area Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
Mode Line Interpreting the mode line.
Menu Bar How to use the menu bar.
Basic Editing Commands
Inserting Text Inserting text by simply typing it.
Moving Point How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
change something.
Erasing Deleting and killing text.
Undo Undoing recent changes in the text.
Files Basic Files. Visiting, creating, and saving files.
Help Basic Help. Asking what a character does.
Blank Lines Commands to make or delete blank lines.
Continuation Lines Lines too wide for the screen.
Position Info What page, line, row, or column is point on?
Arguments Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
The Minibuffer
Minibuffer File Entering file names with the minibuffer.
Minibuffer Edit How to edit in the minibuffer.
Completion An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
Minibuffer History Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
Repetition Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
Help
Help Summary Brief list of all Help commands.
Key Help Asking what a key does in Emacs.
Name Help Asking about a command, variable or function name.
Apropos Asking what pertains to a given topic.
Library Keywords Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
Language Help Help relating to international language support.
Misc Help Other help commands.
The Mark and the Region
Setting Mark Commands to set the mark.
Transient Mark How to make Emacs highlight the region--
when there is one.
Using Region Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
Marking Objects Commands to put region around textual units.
Mark Ring Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
Global Mark Ring Previous mark positions in various buffers.
Deletion and Killing
Deletion Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
blank areas.
Killing by Lines How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
Other Kill Commands Commands to kill large regions of text and
syntactic units such as words and sentences.
Yanking
Kill Ring Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
Appending Kills Several kills in a row all yank together.
Earlier Kills Yanking something killed some time ago.
Registers
RegPos Saving positions in registers.
RegText Saving text in registers.
RegRect Saving rectangles in registers.
RegConfig Saving window configurations in registers.
RegFiles File names in registers.
Bookmarks Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
Controlling the Display
Scrolling Moving text up and down in a window.
Horizontal Scrolling Moving text left and right in a window.
Follow Mode Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
Selective Display Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
Optional Mode Line Optional mode line display features.
Text Display How text is normally displayed.
Display Custom Information on variables for customizing display.
Searching and Replacement
Incremental Search Search happens as you type the string.
Nonincremental Search Specify entire string and then search.
Word Search Search for sequence of words.
Regexp Search Search for match for a regexp.
Regexps Syntax of regular expressions.
Search Case To ignore case while searching, or not.
Replace Search, and replace some or all matches.
Other Repeating Search Operating on all matches for some regexp.
Replacement Commands
Unconditional Replace Replacing all matches for a string.
Regexp Replace Replacing all matches for a regexp.
Replacement and Case How replacements preserve case of letters.
Query Replace How to use querying.
Commands for Fixing Typos
Kill Errors Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
Transpose Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
Fixing Case Correcting case of last word entered.
Spelling Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.
File Handling
File Names How to type and edit file-name arguments.
Visiting Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
Saving Saving makes your changes permanent.
Reverting Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
Auto Save Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
File Aliases Handling multiple names for one file.
Version Control Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
Directories Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
Comparing Files Finding where two files differ.
Misc File Ops Other things you can do on files.
Compressed Files Accessing compressed files.
Remote Files Accessing files on other sites.
Quoted File Names Quoting special characters in file names.
Saving Files
Backup How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
Interlocking How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
of one file by two users.
Version Control
Introduction to VC How version control works in general.
VC Mode Line How the mode line shows version control status.
Basic VC Editing How to edit a file under version control.
Old Versions Examining and comparing old versions.
Secondary VC Commands The commands used a little less frequently.
Branches Multiple lines of development.
Snapshots Sets of file versions treated as a unit.
Miscellaneous VC Various other commands and features of VC.
Customizing VC Variables that change VC's behavior.
Using Multiple Buffers
Select Buffer Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
List Buffers Getting a list of buffers that exist.
Misc Buffer Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
Kill Buffer Killing buffers you no longer need.
Several Buffers How to go through the list of all buffers
and operate variously on several of them.
Indirect Buffers An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
Multiple Windows
Basic Window Introduction to Emacs windows.
Split Window New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
Other Window Moving to another window or doing something to it.
Pop Up Window Finding a file or buffer in another window.
Force Same Window Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
window rather than in another window.
Change Window Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
Frames and X Windows
Mouse Commands Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
Secondary Selection Cutting without altering point and mark.
Clipboard Using the clipboard for selections.
Mouse References Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
Menu Mouse Clicks Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
Mode Line Mouse Mouse clicks on the mode line.
Creating Frames Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
Frame Commands Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
Speedbar How to make and use a speedbar frame.
Multiple Displays How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
Special Buffer Frames You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
Frame Parameters Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
Scroll Bars How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
Wheeled Mice Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
Menu Bars Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
Tool Bars Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
Dialog Boxes Controlling use of dialog boxes.
Faces How to change the display style using faces.
Font Lock Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
Highlight Changes Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
Highlight Interactively Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
Trailing Whitespace Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
Tooltips Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text.
Mouse Avoidance Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
Non-Window Terminals Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
XTerm Mouse Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
International Character Set Support
International Chars Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
Enabling Multibyte Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
Language Environments Setting things up for the language you use.
Input Methods Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
Select Input Method Specifying your choice of input methods.
Coding Systems Character set conversion when you read and
write files, and so on.
Recognize Coding How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
Specify Coding Various ways to choose which conversion to use.
Fontsets Fontsets are collections of fonts
that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
Defining Fontsets Defining a new fontset.
Single-Byte Character Support
You can pick one European character set
to use without multibyte characters.
Major Modes
Choosing Modes How major modes are specified or chosen.
Indentation
Indentation Commands Various commands and techniques for indentation.
Tab Stops You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
Just Spaces You can request indentation using just spaces.
Commands for Human Languages
Words Moving over and killing words.
Sentences Moving over and killing sentences.
Paragraphs Moving over paragraphs.
Pages Moving over pages.
Filling Filling or justifying text.
Case Changing the case of text.
Text Mode The major modes for editing text files.
Outline Mode Editing outlines.
TeX Mode Editing input to the formatter TeX.
Nroff Mode Editing input to the formatter nroff.
Formatted Text Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
Filling Text
Auto Fill Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
Fill Commands Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
Fill Prefix Filling paragraphs that are indented
or in a comment, etc.
Adaptive Fill How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
Editing Programs
Program Modes Major modes for editing programs.
Defuns Commands to operate on major top-level parts
of a program.
Program Indent Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
Comments Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
Parentheses Commands that operate on parentheses.
Documentation Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
Hideshow Displaying blocks selectively.
Symbol Completion Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
Glasses Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
Misc for Programs Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
C Modes Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
Java, and Pike modes.
Fortran Fortran mode and its special features.
Asm Mode Asm mode and its special features.
Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
Left Margin Paren An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
Moving by Defuns Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
Imenu Making buffer indexes as menus.
Which Function Which Function mode shows which function you are in.
Indentation for Programs
Basic Indent Indenting a single line.
Multi-line Indent Commands to reindent many lines at once.
Lisp Indent Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
C Indent Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
Custom C Indent Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
Commands for Editing with Parentheses
Expressions Expressions with balanced parentheses.
Moving by Parens Commands for moving up, down and across
in the structure of parentheses.
Matching Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
Manipulating Comments
Comment Commands Inserting, killing, and indenting comments.
Multi-Line Comments Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
Options for Comments Customizing the comment features.
Documentation Lookup
Info Lookup Looking up library functions and commands
in Info files.
Man Page Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
Lisp Doc Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
C and Related Modes
Motion in C Commands to move by C statements, etc.
Electric C Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
Hungry Delete A more powerful DEL command.
Other C Commands Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
and other neat features.
Comments in C Options for customizing comment style.
Fortran Mode
Motion Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
Indent Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
Comments Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
Autofill Fortran Autofill. Auto fill minor mode for Fortran.
Columns Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
Abbrev Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
Compiling and Testing Programs
Compilation Compiling programs in languages other
than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
Compilation Mode The mode for visiting compiler errors.
Compilation Shell Customizing your shell properly
for use in the compilation buffer.
Debuggers Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
Executing Lisp Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
with different facilities for running
the Lisp programs.
Lisp Libraries Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
Lisp Interaction Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
Lisp Eval Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
External Lisp Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
Running Debuggers Under Emacs
Starting GUD How to start a debugger subprocess.
Debugger Operation Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
Commands of GUD Key bindings for common commands.
GUD Customization Defining your own commands for GUD.
Maintaining Programs
Change Log Maintaining a change history for your program.
Tags Go direct to any function in your program in one
command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
Emerge A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
Tags Tables
Tag Syntax Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
Create Tags Table Creating a tags table with `etags'.
Select Tags Table How to visit a tags table.
Find Tag Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
Tags Search Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
List Tags Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
Merging Files with Emerge
Overview of Emerge How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
Submodes of Emerge Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
State of Difference You do the merge by specifying state A or B
for each difference.
Merge Commands Commands for selecting a difference,
changing states of differences, etc.
Exiting Emerge What to do when you've finished the merge.
Combining in Emerge How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
Fine Points of Emerge Misc.
Abbrevs
Abbrev Concepts Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
Defining Abbrevs Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
Expanding Abbrevs Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
Editing Abbrevs Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
Saving Abbrevs Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
Dynamic Abbrevs Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
Editing Pictures
Basic Picture Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
Insert in Picture Controlling direction of cursor motion
after "self-inserting" characters.
Tabs in Picture Various features for tab stops and indentation.
Rectangles in Picture Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
Sending Mail
Mail Format Format of the mail being composed.
Mail Headers Details of permitted mail header fields.
Mail Aliases Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
Mail Mode Special commands for editing mail being composed.
Mail Amusements Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
Mail Methods Using alternative mail-composition methods.
Reading Mail with Rmail
Rmail Basics Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
Rmail Scrolling Scrolling through a message.
Rmail Motion Moving to another message.
Rmail Deletion Deleting and expunging messages.
Rmail Inbox How mail gets into the Rmail file.
Rmail Files Using multiple Rmail files.
Rmail Output Copying message out to files.
Rmail Labels Classifying messages by labeling them.
Rmail Attributes Certain standard labels, called attributes.
Rmail Reply Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
Rmail Summary Summaries show brief info on many messages.
Rmail Sorting Sorting messages in Rmail.
Rmail Display How Rmail displays a message; customization.
Rmail Editing Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
Rmail Digest Extracting the messages from a digest message.
Out of Rmail Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
Rmail Rot13 Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
Movemail More details of fetching new mail.
Dired, the Directory Editor
Dired Enter How to invoke Dired.
Dired Navigation How to move in the Dired buffer.
Dired Deletion Deleting files with Dired.
Flagging Many Files Flagging files based on their names.
Dired Visiting Other file operations through Dired.
Marks vs Flags Flagging for deletion vs marking.
Operating on Files How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
either one file or several files.
Shell Commands in Dired Running a shell command on the marked files.
Transforming File Names Using patterns to rename multiple files.
Comparison in Dired Running `diff' by way of Dired.
Subdirectories in Dired Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
Subdirectory Motion Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
Hiding Subdirectories Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
Dired Updating Discarding lines for files of no interest.
Dired and Find Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
The Calendar and the Diary
Calendar Motion Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
Scroll Calendar Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
Counting Days How many days are there between two dates?
General Calendar Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
LaTeX Calendar Print a calendar using LaTeX.
Holidays Displaying dates of holidays.
Sunrise/Sunset Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
Lunar Phases Displaying phases of the moon.
Other Calendars Converting dates to other calendar systems.
Diary Displaying events from your diary.
Appointments Reminders when it's time to do something.
Daylight Savings How to specify when daylight savings time is active.
Movement in the Calendar
Calendar Unit Motion Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
Move to Beginning or End Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
Specified Dates Moving to the current date or another
specific date.
Conversion To and From Other Calendars
Calendar Systems The calendars Emacs understands
(aside from Gregorian).
To Other Calendar Converting the selected date to various calendars.
From Other Calendar Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
Mayan Calendar Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
The Diary
Diary Commands Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
Format of Diary File Entering events in your diary.
Date Formats Various ways you can specify dates.
Adding to Diary Commands to create diary entries.
Special Diary Entries Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
GNUS
Buffers of Gnus The group, summary, and article buffers.
Gnus Startup What you should know about starting Gnus.
Summary of Gnus A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
Running Shell Commands from Emacs
Single Shell How to run one shell command and return.
Interactive Shell Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
Shell Mode Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
Shell History Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
Shell Options Options for customizing Shell mode.
Remote Host Connecting to another computer.
Customization
Minor Modes Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
independently of any others.
Variables Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
to decide what to do; by setting variables,
you can control their functioning.
Keyboard Macros A keyboard macro records a sequence of
keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
Key Bindings The keymaps say what command each key runs.
By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
Keyboard Translations
If your keyboard passes an undesired code
for a key, you can tell Emacs to
substitute another code.
Syntax The syntax table controls how words and
expressions are parsed.
Init File How to write common customizations in the
`.emacs' file.
Variables
Examining Examining or setting one variable's value.
Easy Customization
Convenient and easy customization of variables.
Hooks Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
Locals Per-buffer values of variables.
File Variables How files can specify variable values.
Keyboard Macros
Basic Kbd Macro Defining and running keyboard macros.
Save Kbd Macro Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
Kbd Macro Query Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
Customizing Key Bindings
Keymaps Generalities. The global keymap.
Prefix Keymaps Keymaps for prefix keys.
Local Keymaps Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
Minibuffer Maps The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
Rebinding How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
Init Rebinding Rebinding keys with your init file, `.emacs'.
Function Keys Rebinding terminal function keys.
Named ASCII Chars Distinguishing <TAB> from C-i, and so on.
Mouse Buttons Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
Disabling Disabling a command means confirmation is required
before it can be executed. This is done to protect
beginners from surprises.
The Init File, `~/.emacs'
Init Syntax Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
Init Examples How to do some things with an init file.
Terminal Init Each terminal type can have an init file.
Find Init How Emacs finds the init file.
Dealing with Emacs Trouble
DEL Does Not Delete What to do if <DEL> doesn't delete.
Stuck Recursive `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
Screen Garbled Garbage on the screen.
Text Garbled Garbage in the text.
Unasked-for Search Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
Memory Full How to cope when you run out of memory.
Emergency Escape Emergency escape---
What to do if Emacs stops responding.
Total Frustration When you are at your wits' end.
Reporting Bugs
Criteria Bug Criteria. Have you really found a bug?
Understanding Bug Reporting How to report a bug effectively.
Checklist Steps to follow for a good bug report.
Sending Patches How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
Command Line Options and Arguments
Action Arguments Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
and call functions.
Initial Options Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
Command Example Examples of using command line arguments.
Resume Arguments Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
Environment Environment variables that Emacs uses.
Display X Changing the default display and using remote login.
Font X Choosing a font for text, under X.
Colors X Choosing colors, under X.
Window Size X Start-up window size, under X.
Borders X Internal and external borders, under X.
Title X Specifying the initial frame's title.
Icons X Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
Resources X Advanced use of classes and resources, under X.
Lucid Resources X resources for Lucid menus.
LessTif Resources X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
Environment Variables
General Variables Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
Misc Variables Certain system specific variables.
MS-DOS and Windows 95/98/NT
MS-DOS Input Keyboard and mouse usage on MS-DOS.
MS-DOS Display Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
MS-DOS File Names File-name conventions on MS-DOS.
Text and Binary Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
MS-DOS Printing How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
MS-DOS Processes Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
Windows Processes Running subprocesses on Windows.
Windows System Menu Controlling what the ALT key does.
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