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This Info file contains edition 2.7 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version 21.1.
Introduction Introduction and conventions used.
Standards Coding Conventions. Coding conventions for Emacs Lisp.
Lisp Data Types Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
Numbers Numbers and arithmetic functions.
Strings and Characters Strings, and functions that work on them.
Lists Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
Sequences Arrays Vectors Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
The description of vectors is here as well.
Hash Tables Very fast lookup-tables.
Symbols Symbols represent names, uniquely.
Evaluation How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
Control Structures Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
Variables Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
Functions A function is a Lisp program
that can be invoked from other functions.
Macros Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
Customization Writing customization declarations.
Loading Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
Byte Compilation Compilation makes programs run faster.
Advising Functions Adding to the definition of a function.
Debugging Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
Read and Print Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
Minibuffers Using the minibuffer to read input.
Command Loop How the editor command loop works,
and how you can call its subroutines.
Keymaps Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
Modes Defining major and minor modes.
Documentation Writing and using documentation strings.
Files Accessing files.
Backups and Auto-Saving Controlling how backups and auto-save
files are made.
Buffers Creating and using buffer objects.
Windows Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
Frames Making multiple X windows.
Positions Buffer positions and motion functions.
Markers Markers represent positions and update
automatically when the text is changed.
Text Examining and changing text in buffers.
Non-ASCII Characters Non-ASCII text in buffers and strings.
Searching and Matching Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
Syntax Tables The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
Abbrevs How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
Processes Running and communicating with subprocesses.
Display Features for controlling the screen display.
Calendar Customizing the calendar and diary.
System Interface Getting the user id, system type, environment
variables, and other such things.
Appendices
Antinews Info for users downgrading to Emacs 20.
GNU Free Documentation License The license for this documentation
GPL Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
Tips Advice and coding conventions for Emacs Lisp.
GNU Emacs Internals Building and dumping Emacs;
internal data structures.
Standard Errors List of all error symbols.
Standard Buffer-Local Variables
List of variables buffer-local in all buffers.
Standard Keymaps List of standard keymaps.
Standard Hooks List of standard hook variables.
Index Index including concepts, functions, variables,
and other terms.
New Symbols New functions and variables in Emacs 21.
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
Introduction
Caveats Flaws and a request for help.
Lisp History Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
Conventions How the manual is formatted.
Acknowledgements The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
Conventions
Some Terms Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
nil and t How the symbols `nil' and `t' are used.
Evaluation Notation The format we use for examples of evaluation.
Printing Notation The format we use for examples that print output.
Error Messages The format we use for examples of errors.
Buffer Text Notation The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
Format of Descriptions Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
Tips and Conventions
Coding Conventions Conventions for clean and robust programs.
Compilation Tips Making compiled code run fast.
Documentation Tips Writing readable documentation strings.
Comment Tips Conventions for writing comments.
Library Headers Standard headers for library packages.
Format of Descriptions
A Sample Function Description
A Sample Variable Description
Lisp Data Types
Printed Representation How Lisp objects are represented as text.
Comments Comments and their formatting conventions.
Programming Types Types found in all Lisp systems.
Editing Types Types specific to Emacs.
Type Predicates Tests related to types.
Equality Predicates Tests of equality between any two objects.
Programming Types
Integer Type Numbers without fractional parts.
Floating Point Type Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
Character Type The representation of letters, numbers and
control characters.
Sequence Type Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
Cons Cell Type Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
Array Type Arrays include strings and vectors.
String Type An (efficient) array of characters.
Vector Type One-dimensional arrays.
Symbol Type A multi-use object that refers to a function,
variable, property list, or itself.
Function Type A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
Macro Type A method of expanding an expression into another
expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
Primitive Function Type A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
Byte-Code Type A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
Autoload Type A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
functions.
List Type
Dotted Pair Notation An alternative syntax for lists.
Association List Type A specially constructed list.
Editing Types
Buffer Type The basic object of editing.
Window Type What makes buffers visible.
Window Configuration Type Save what the screen looks like.
Marker Type A position in a buffer.
Process Type A process running on the underlying OS.
Stream Type Receive or send characters.
Keymap Type What function a keystroke invokes.
Overlay Type How an overlay is represented.
Numbers
Integer Basics Representation and range of integers.
Float Basics Representation and range of floating point.
Predicates on Numbers Testing for numbers.
Comparison of Numbers Equality and inequality predicates.
Arithmetic Operations How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
Bitwise Operations Logical and, or, not, shifting.
Numeric Conversions Converting float to integer and vice versa.
Math Functions Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Random Numbers Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
Strings and Characters
String Basics Basic properties of strings and characters.
Predicates for Strings Testing whether an object is a string or char.
Creating Strings Functions to allocate new strings.
Text Comparison Comparing characters or strings.
String Conversion Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
Formatting Strings `format': Emacs's analogue of `printf'.
Case Conversion Case conversion functions.
Lists
Cons Cells How lists are made out of cons cells.
Lists as Boxes Graphical notation to explain lists.
List-related Predicates Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
List Elements Extracting the pieces of a list.
Building Lists Creating list structure.
Modifying Lists Storing new pieces into an existing list.
Sets And Lists A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
Association Lists A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
Modifying Existing List Structure
Setcar Replacing an element in a list.
Setcdr Replacing part of the list backbone.
This can be used to remove or add elements.
Rearrangement Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
Sequence Functions Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
Arrays Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
Array Functions Functions specifically for arrays.
Vectors Functions specifically for vectors.
Symbols
Symbol Components Symbols have names, values, function definitions
and property lists.
Definitions A definition says how a symbol will be used.
Creating Symbols How symbols are kept unique.
Property Lists Each symbol has a property list
for recording miscellaneous information.
Evaluation
Intro Eval Evaluation in the scheme of things.
Eval How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
Forms How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
Quoting Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
the program).
Kinds of Forms
Self-Evaluating Forms Forms that evaluate to themselves.
Symbol Forms Symbols evaluate as variables.
Classifying Lists How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
Function Forms Forms that call functions.
Macro Forms Forms that call macros.
Special Forms ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
most of them extremely important.
Autoloading Functions set up to load files
containing their real definitions.
Control Structures
Sequencing Evaluation in textual order.
Conditionals `if', `cond'.
Combining Conditions `and', `or', `not'.
Iteration `while' loops.
Nonlocal Exits Jumping out of a sequence.
Nonlocal Exits
Catch and Throw Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
Examples of Catch Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
Errors How errors are signaled and handled.
Cleanups Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
error happens.
Errors
Signaling Errors How to report an error.
Processing of Errors What Emacs does when you report an error.
Handling Errors How you can trap errors and continue execution.
Error Symbols How errors are classified for trapping them.
Variables
Global Variables Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
Constant Variables Certain "variables" have values that never change.
Local Variables Variable values that exist only temporarily.
Void Variables Symbols that lack values.
Defining Variables A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
Accessing Variables Examining values of variables whose names
are known only at run time.
Setting Variables Storing new values in variables.
Variable Scoping How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
Buffer-Local Variables Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
Scope Scope means where in the program a value
is visible. Comparison with other languages.
Extent Extent means how long in time a value exists.
Impl of Scope Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
Using Scoping How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
avoid problems.
Buffer-Local Variables
Intro to Buffer-Local Introduction and concepts.
Creating Buffer-Local Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
Default Value The default value is seen in buffers
that don't have their own buffer-local values.
Functions
What Is a Function Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
Lambda Expressions How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
Function Names A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
Defining Functions Lisp expressions for defining functions.
Calling Functions How to use an existing function.
Mapping Functions Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
Anonymous Functions Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
Function Cells Accessing or setting the function definition
of a symbol.
Related Topics Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
that have a special bearing on how
functions work.
Lambda Expressions
Lambda Components The parts of a lambda expression.
Simple Lambda A simple example.
Argument List Details and special features of argument lists.
Function Documentation How to put documentation in a function.
Macros
Simple Macro A basic example.
Expansion How, when and why macros are expanded.
Compiling Macros How macros are expanded by the compiler.
Defining Macros How to write a macro definition.
Backquote Easier construction of list structure.
Problems with Macros Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
Don't hide the user's variables.
Loading
How Programs Do Loading The `load' function and others.
Autoload Setting up a function to autoload.
Named Features Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
Repeated Loading Precautions about loading a file twice.
Byte Compilation
Compilation Functions Byte compilation functions.
Disassembly Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
Advising Functions
Simple Advice A simple example to explain the basics of advice.
Defining Advice Detailed description of `defadvice'.
Computed Advice is to `defadvice' as `fset' is to `defun'.
Activation of Advice Advice doesn't do anything until you activate it.
Enabling Advice You can enable or disable each piece of advice.
Preactivation Preactivation is a way of speeding up the
loading of compiled advice.
Argument Access in Advice How advice can access the function's arguments.
Subr Arguments Accessing arguments when advising a primitive.
Combined Definition How advice is implemented.
Debugging Lisp Programs
Debugger How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
Syntax Errors How to find syntax errors.
Compilation Errors How to find errors that show up in
byte compilation.
Edebug A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
The Lisp Debugger
Error Debugging Entering the debugger when an error happens.
Function Debugging Entering it when a certain function is called.
Explicit Debug Entering it at a certain point in the program.
Using Debugger What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
Debugger Commands Commands used while in the debugger.
Invoking the Debugger How to call the function `debug'.
Internals of Debugger Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
Excess Open How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
Excess Close How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
Streams Intro Overview of streams, reading and printing.
Input Streams Various data types that can be used as
input streams.
Input Functions Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
Output Streams Various data types that can be used as
output streams.
Output Functions Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
Minibuffers
Intro to Minibuffers Basic information about minibuffers.
Text from Minibuffer How to read a straight text string.
Object from Minibuffer How to read a Lisp object or expression.
Completion How to invoke and customize completion.
Yes-or-No Queries Asking a question with a simple answer.
Minibuffer Misc Various customization hooks and variables.
Completion
Basic Completion Low-level functions for completing strings.
(These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
Minibuffer Completion Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
Completion Commands Minibuffer commands that do completion.
High-Level Completion Convenient special cases of completion
(reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
Reading File Names Using completion to read file names.
Programmed Completion Finding the completions for a given file name.
Command Loop
Command Overview How the command loop reads commands.
Defining Commands Specifying how a function should read arguments.
Interactive Call Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
Command Loop Info Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
Input Events What input looks like when you read it.
Reading Input How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
Waiting Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
Quitting How C-g works. How to catch or defer quitting.
Prefix Command Arguments How the commands to set prefix args work.
Recursive Editing Entering a recursive edit,
and why you usually shouldn't.
Disabling Commands How the command loop handles disabled commands.
Command History How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
Keyboard Macros How keyboard macros are implemented.
Defining Commands
Using Interactive General rules for `interactive'.
Interactive Codes The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
in various ways.
Interactive Examples Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
Keymaps
Keymap Terminology Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
Format of Keymaps What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
Creating Keymaps Functions to create and copy keymaps.
Inheritance and Keymaps How one keymap can inherit the bindings
of another keymap.
Prefix Keys Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
Menu Keymaps A keymap can define a menu for X
or for use from the terminal.
Active Keymaps Each buffer has a local keymap
to override the standard (global) bindings.
Each minor mode can also override them.
Key Lookup How extracting elements from keymaps works.
Functions for Key Lookup How to request key lookup.
Changing Key Bindings Redefining a key in a keymap.
Key Binding Commands Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
Scanning Keymaps Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
Major and Minor Modes
Major Modes Defining major modes.
Minor Modes Defining minor modes.
Mode Line Format Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
Hooks How to use hooks; how to write code that
provides hooks.
Major Modes
Major Mode Conventions Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
Example Major Modes Text mode and Lisp modes.
Auto Major Mode How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
Mode Help Finding out how to use a mode.
Minor Modes
Minor Mode Conventions Tips for writing a minor mode.
Keymaps and Minor Modes How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
Mode Line Format
Mode Line Data The data structure that controls the mode line.
Mode Line Variables Variables used in that data structure.
%-Constructs Putting information into a mode line.
Documentation
Documentation Basics Good style for doc strings.
Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
Accessing Documentation How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
Keys in Documentation Substituting current key bindings.
Describing Characters Making printable descriptions of
non-printing characters and key sequences.
Help Functions Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
Files
Visiting Files Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
Saving Buffers Writing changed buffers back into files.
Reading from Files Reading files into other buffers.
Writing to Files Writing new files from parts of buffers.
File Locks Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
simultaneous editing by two people.
Information about Files Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
Contents of Directories Getting a list of the files in a directory.
Changing Files Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
File Names Decomposing and expanding file names.
Visiting Files
Visiting Functions The usual interface functions for visiting.
Subroutines of Visiting Lower-level subroutines that they use.
Information about Files
Testing Accessibility Is a given file readable? Writable?
Kinds of Files Is it a directory? A link?
File Attributes How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
File Names
File Name Components The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
Directory Names A directory's name as a directory
is different from its name as a file.
Relative File Names Some file names are relative to a
current directory.
File Name Expansion Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
Unique File Names Generating names for temporary files.
File Name Completion Finding the completions for a given file name.
Backups and Auto-Saving
Backup Files How backup files are made; how their names
are chosen.
Auto-Saving How auto-save files are made; how their
names are chosen.
Reverting `revert-buffer', and how to customize
what it does.
Backup Files
Making Backups How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
Rename or Copy Two alternatives: renaming the old file
or copying it.
Numbered Backups Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
Backup Names How backup file names are computed; customization.
Buffers
Buffer Basics What is a buffer?
Buffer Names Accessing and changing buffer names.
Buffer File Name The buffer file name indicates which file
is visited.
Buffer Modification A buffer is "modified" if it needs to be saved.
Modification Time Determining whether the visited file was changed
``behind Emacs's back''.
Read Only Buffers Modifying text is not allowed in a
read-only buffer.
The Buffer List How to look at all the existing buffers.
Creating Buffers Functions that create buffers.
Killing Buffers Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
Current Buffer Designating a buffer as current
so primitives will access its contents.
Windows
Basic Windows Basic information on using windows.
Splitting Windows Splitting one window into two windows.
Deleting Windows Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
Selecting Windows The selected window is the one that you edit in.
Cyclic Window Ordering Moving around the existing windows.
Buffers and Windows Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
Displaying Buffers Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
and choosing a window for it.
Window Point Each window has its own location of point.
Window Start The display-start position controls which text
is on-screen in the window.
Vertical Scrolling Moving text up and down in the window.
Horizontal Scrolling Moving text sideways on the window.
Size of Window Accessing the size of a window.
Resizing Windows Changing the size of a window.
Window Configurations Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
Frames
Creating Frames Creating additional frames.
Multiple Displays Creating frames on other X displays.
Frame Parameters Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
Frame Titles Automatic updating of frame titles.
Deleting Frames Frames last until explicitly deleted.
Finding All Frames How to examine all existing frames.
Frames and Windows A frame contains windows;
display of text always works through windows.
Minibuffers and Frames How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
Input Focus Specifying the selected frame.
Visibility of Frames Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
Raising and Lowering Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
lowering it puts it underneath the others.
Frame Configurations Saving the state of all frames.
Mouse Tracking Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
Mouse Position Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
Pop-Up Menus Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
Dialog Boxes Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
Pointer Shapes Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
Window System Selections Transferring text to and from other windows.
Color Names Getting the definitions of color names.
Resources Getting resource values from the server.
Display Feature Testing Determining the features of a terminal.
Positions
Point The special position where editing takes place.
Motion Changing point.
Excursions Temporary motion and buffer changes.
Narrowing Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
Motion
Character Motion Moving in terms of characters.
Word Motion Moving in terms of words.
Buffer End Motion Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
Text Lines Moving in terms of lines of text.
Screen Lines Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
List Motion Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
Skipping Characters Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
Markers
Overview of Markers The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
Predicates on Markers Testing whether an object is a marker.
Creating Markers Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
Information from Markers Finding the marker's buffer or character
position.
Moving Markers Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
The Mark How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
The Region How to access ``the region''.
Text
Near Point Examining text in the vicinity of point.
Buffer Contents Examining text in a general fashion.
Insertion Adding new text to a buffer.
Commands for Insertion User-level commands to insert text.
Deletion Removing text from a buffer.
User-Level Deletion User-level commands to delete text.
The Kill Ring Where removed text sometimes is saved for
later use.
Undo Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
Auto Filling How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
Filling Functions for explicit filling.
Margins How to specify margins for filling commands.
Sorting Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
Indentation Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
Columns Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
Case Changes Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
Text Properties Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
Substitution Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
Transposition Swapping two portions of a buffer.
Registers How registers are implemented. Accessing
the text or position stored in a register.
Change Hooks Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
The Kill Ring
Kill Ring Concepts What text looks like in the kill ring.
Kill Functions Functions that kill text.
Yank Commands Commands that access the kill ring.
Low-Level Kill Ring Functions and variables for kill ring access.
Internals of Kill Ring Variables that hold kill-ring data.
Indentation
Primitive Indent Functions used to count and insert indentation.
Mode-Specific Indent Customize indentation for different modes.
Region Indent Indent all the lines in a region.
Relative Indent Indent the current line based on previous lines.
Indent Tabs Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
Motion by Indent Move to first non-blank character.
Text Properties
Examining Properties Looking at the properties of one character.
Changing Properties Setting the properties of a range of text.
Property Search Searching for where a property changes value.
Special Properties Particular properties with special meanings.
Format Properties Properties for representing formatting of text.
Sticky Properties How inserted text gets properties from
neighboring text.
Saving Properties Saving text properties in files, and reading
them back.
Lazy Properties Computing text properties in a lazy fashion
only when text is examined.
Not Intervals Why text properties do not use
Lisp-visible text intervals.
Non-ASCII Characters
Text Representations Unibyte and multibyte representations
Converting Representations Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
Selecting a Representation Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
Character Codes How unibyte and multibyte relate to
codes of individual characters.
Character Sets The space of possible characters codes
is divided into various character sets.
Chars and Bytes More information about multibyte encodings.
Splitting Characters Converting a character to its byte sequence.
Scanning Charsets Which character sets are used in a buffer?
Translation of Characters Translation tables are used for conversion.
Coding Systems Coding systems are conversions for saving files.
Input Methods Input methods allow users to enter various
non-ASCII characters without speciak keyboards.
Locales Interacting with the POSIX locale.
Searching and Matching
String Search Search for an exact match.
Regular Expressions Describing classes of strings.
Regexp Search Searching for a match for a regexp.
Match Data Finding out which part of the text matched
various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
Saving Match Data Saving and restoring this information.
Standard Regexps Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
Searching and Case Case-independent or case-significant searching.
Regular Expressions
Syntax of Regexps Rules for writing regular expressions.
Regexp Example Illustrates regular expression syntax.
Syntax Tables
Syntax Descriptors How characters are classified.
Syntax Table Functions How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
Parsing Expressions Parsing balanced expressions
using the syntax table.
Standard Syntax Tables Syntax tables used by various major modes.
Syntax Table Internals How syntax table information is stored.
Syntax Descriptors
Syntax Class Table Table of syntax classes.
Syntax Flags Additional flags each character can have.
Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
Abbrev Mode Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
Tables Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
Defining Abbrevs Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
Files Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
Expansion Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
Standard Abbrev Tables Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
Processes
Subprocess Creation Functions that start subprocesses.
Synchronous Processes Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
Asynchronous Processes Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
Deleting Processes Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
Process Information Accessing run-status and other attributes.
Input to Processes Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
Signals to Processes Stopping, continuing or interrupting
an asynchronous subprocess.
Output from Processes Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
Sentinels Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
Network Opening network connections.
Receiving Output from Processes
Process Buffers If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
Filter Functions Filter functions accept output from the process.
Accepting Output How to wait until process output arrives.
Operating System Interface
Starting Up Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
Getting Out How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
System Environment Distinguish the name and kind of system.
Terminal Input Recording terminal input for debugging.
Terminal Output Recording terminal output for debugging.
Flow Control How to turn output flow control on or off.
Batch Mode Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
Starting Up Emacs
Startup Summary Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
Init File Details on reading the init file (`.emacs').
Terminal-Specific How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
Command-Line Arguments How command line arguments are processed,
and how you can customize them.
Getting out of Emacs
Killing Emacs Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
Suspending Emacs Exiting Emacs reversibly.
Emacs Display
Refresh Screen Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
Truncation Folding or wrapping long text lines.
The Echo Area Where messages are displayed.
Selective Display Hiding part of the buffer text.
Overlay Arrow Display of an arrow to indicate position.
Temporary Displays Displays that go away automatically.
Waiting Forcing display update and waiting for user.
Blinking How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
Usual Display How control characters are displayed.
Beeping Audible signal to the user.
Window Systems Which window system is being used.
GNU Emacs Internals
Building Emacs How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
Pure Storage A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
Garbage Collection Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
Object Internals Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
Writing Emacs Primitives Writing C code for Emacs.
Object Internals
Buffer Internals Components of a buffer structure.
Window Internals Components of a window structure.
Process Internals Components of a process structure.
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